Name that...
Extra energy reservoir and controls water movement
Lipids
Building blocks of proteins are?
amino acids
Fiber is a type of _____
Carbohydrate
What makes a molecule organic?
Made with carbon
Monomers are amino acids, what is the polymer?
Proteins
What are the structural components of an amino acid?
COOH/carboxyl group, NH2/amino group, and R group/side chain
What are the components of a nucleotide's structure
5 carbon sugar, Phosphate and Nitrogenous Base
What are the monomers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
monosaccarides, amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides
Carbohydrates
Describe the steps of a protein folding
Primary (string of amino acids), Secondary (local folding), Teritiary (takes on 3D structure), Quaternary (combining with other proteins)
How do lipids help the cell membrane?
Have a hydrophilic head that faces the water-based exterior/interior of the cell and hydrophobic tails that prevent water-soluble molecules from passing through
Name 3 polysaccarides
Cellulose, Glycogen, Starch
Phospholipid is made up of?
Phosphate head that is polar or hydrophylic & Fatty acid tails which are non-polar or hydrophobic
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen make up this macromolecule in a ratio of CH2O
Amino acids are held together by ?
Peptide bonds
DNA usually has ____ strand(s) and RNA usually has _____ strand(s).
2 strands (double helix), 1 strand
Explain the process of denaturation
What is when proteins or enzymes are exposed to high temperature or extreme chemicals, the protein loses its 3D shape and is no longer able to function
List 5 things found on a nutrition label
Serving size, calories, total carbohydrates, added sugars, fiber, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, protein, sodium, ...
Monomer of nucleic acids are?
Nucleotides
List at least 3 conditions that need to be controlled for a protein to function
Certain temperature, pH, and salt concentration
Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats
Saturated fats have single bonds between all carbon atoms and are able to pack tightly together, making them solid at room temp; unsaturated fats have at least one double bond between carbon atoms and are usually liquid at room temperature
List the 4 macromolecules and list their function in the body
Carbs-energy, support, Proteins: structure of cells, perform reactions, Lipids: energy reserve, membrane barrier, Nucleic Acids: encodes genetic information