Carbohydrates
quick source of energy
What is different about lipids compared to the other macromolecules?
Lipids are hydrophobic.
What is the monomer of proteins?
amino acids
DNA and RNA
What makes a molecule organic?
the presence of carbon
What is the most common type of monosaccharide within the body?
Glucose
What are the monomers of lipids?
Trigylcerides
What is a long chain of amino acids called?
polypeptides
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine
What makes carbon different from every other element?
the ability for it to make up to 4 covalent bonds at a time.
What type of bonds hold a disaccharide together?
glycosidic
What are the bonds that hold lipids together called?
ester bonds
What are the bonds that hold polypeptide chains together?
peptide bonds
What holds the the nucleotides of opposite DNA strands together?
hydrogen bonds
What is an isomer?
a molecule that has the same chemical formula but different arrangement of atoms and bonding patterns
What types of carbohydrates are used for a quick source of energy?
Disaccharides
What are triglycerides composed of?
What are the 2 main roles of proteins within our cells?
Proteins have a role structurally and they do work (enzymes)
What bonds hold the nucleotides of the same DNA strand together?
phosphoester bonds
What is a sterioisomer?
a molecule that has the same chemical formula but different spatial bonding patterns within the molecule
What happens to large carbohydrates that are not broken down for energy purposes?
these macromolecules will be stored as fats
What is the difference between the two types of fatty acids? Which ones are better for you and why?
Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds that hold them together where saturated are composed of only single bonds. Saturated are healthier because they are only composed of single bonds making it easier to break down for energy if needed. Double bonded substances are much harder to break because of the strength of the bonds.
What are the 4 different structures of proteins?
Primary- linear chain of amino acids
Secondary- hydrogen bonds form between amino acids causing alpha helices and beta pleated sheets
Tertiary- amino acid chains are folded into a fully 3D polypeptide
Quaternary- two polypeptide chains put together to form a protein
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA: has thymine, double stranded, and made up of deoxyribose sugar
RNA: has uracil, single stranded, and made up of ribose sugar
What is an enatiomer
a molecule that has the exact same chemical formula but is a mirror image of another molecule (ex: Thalidomide)