Carbohydrates
These are the basic monomer building blocks of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
Unlike other macromolecules, lipids do not form true polymers and are defined by this hydrophobic property
non-polar
These are the monomer building blocks that link together to form a protein polypeptide chain
amino acids
The primary biological function of nucleic acids in living organisms
store, transmit and express genetic information
This structural polysaccharide makes up the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of arthopods
chitin
The primary functional purpose of carbohydrates in animal cells
provide short term energy
The 2 main molecular components that make up a standard fat molecule
glycerol and fatty acids
These specialized proteins act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions inside cells
enzymes
DNA and RNA are the 2 main types of this macromolecule
nucleic acid
Long term energy storage, insulation and waterproofing are vital biological functions of this macromolecule class
lipids
The chemical formula for glucose, the most common monosaccharide
C6H12O6
Cholesterol and hormones like testosterone belong to this specific class of ring structural lipids
steroids
This specific type of covalent bond connects amino acids together to build a protein
peptide bond
The structural monomers that make up nucleic acid polymers
nucleotides
This specific chemical reaction joins monomers together by removing a water molecule to create a polymer
dehydration synthesis
This specific carbohydrate polysaccharide provides structural support in the cell walls of plants
cellulose
These lipids form a double-layered structural foundation for cell membranes
phospholipids
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary represent these structural characteristics of a protein
four structural levels of a protein's shape
structural shape that a double standard DNA molecule forms
double helix
This specific component varies between the 20 different amino acids, giving each its unique chemical identity
R-group
Animals store excess glucose in the liver and muscles in this complex carbohydrate polysaccharide
glycogen
Saturated fatty acids have only single carbon bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more of these bonds that cause a bend
double carbon bonds
This term describes what happens to a protein when extreme temperature of pH changes alter its shape and render it non-functional
denaturation
A single nucleotide is made of 5 carbon sugars, a phosphate group and one of these components
nitrogenous base
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine make up this specific group of components within DNA molecules
four nitrogenous bases