Carbs
What are the elements of a carbohydrate?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (1:2:1)
What are the elements of a lipid?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (lots of H, little O)
What are the elements of a protein?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
What are the elements of a nucleic acid?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphate
What does the word disaccharide refer to?
When two monosaccharides combine in a condensation reaction to form a double sugar
What are the monomers a carbohydrate?
monosaccharide (simple sugars)
What are the monomers of a lipid?
glycerol and fatty acids (no true monomer)
What are the monomers of a protein?
amino acids
What are the monomers of a nucleic acid?
nucleotide
What are the three classes of lipids that contain fatty acids?
Triglycerides, phospholipids, and waxes
What are the polymers of a carbohydrate?
polysaccharide
What are the polymers of a lipid?
none
What are the polymers of a protein?
polypeptide
What are the polymers of a nucleic acid?
none
Monosaccharides are also known as what?
simple sugars
What are the functions of a carbohydrate?
-Primary energy source
-Plants: starch for energy, cellulose for cell wall
-Animal: forms exoskeleton, glycogen is energy
What are the functions of a lipid?
-long term energy storage
-triglycerides (fats)
-Animals: saturated fatty acids (animal fats), unsaturated fatty acid
What are the functions of a protein?
Animals: collagen-connective tissue, muscle filaments for movement, albumin helps form blood clots, hemoglobin helps carry oxygen, antibodies fight disease
Plants + animals: hormones regulate growth and development, move material through a cell membrane, enzymes-speed up cellular reactions
What are the functions of a nucleic acid?
genetic information
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA contains information that determines the characteristics of an organisms and directs it cell activities. RNA stores and transfers information from DNA that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins.
What are some examples of a carbohydrate?
Simple Sugars: glucose, fructose, ribose
Dissacharides: maltose
polysaccharides: starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
What are some examples of a lipid?
fats, oils, waxes, and steroids
What are some examples of a protein?
collagen, albumin, hormones, hemoglobin
What are some examples of a nucleic acid?
DNA and RNA
Monosaccharides are simple sugar unit molecules and Polysaccharides are large links of many sugar units.