Carbs
what are the elements of a carb?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen in a 1:0:1 racio
what are the elements of a lipid?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
long strands with lots of Hydrogen but little Oxygen
what are the elements of a Protein?
Carbin, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
what are the elements of a Nucleic acid?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
What is a monomer?
A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer
What monomers are in a carb?
Monosaccharide
What monomers are in a lipid?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What monomers are in a Protein?
What monomers are in a Nucleic acid?
nucleotide
(made up of a phosphate, a 5 carbon sugar,and a nitrogen base)
What is a polymer?
A group of monomers.
What polymers are in a carb?
Pollysaccharide
what polymers are in a lipid?
No polymers are in a lipid
What polymers are in a protein?
Polypeptide
What polymers are in a nucleic acid?
No polymers are in a nucleic acid/
what is a condensation reaction?
monomers linked to form polymers through a chemical reaction
What are the functions of a carb?
primary energy storage
plants- starch is a long term energy source cellulose makes cell wall of plants.
animals- chitin forms exoskeleton of arthropods, glycogen is energy storage in the liver and muscles.
What are the functions of a lipid?
long term energy storage
triglycerides (fats)
animals- saturated fatty acids- animal fats
unsaturates fatty acids - common in plants
phospholipids in both plant and animal cell membranes
cholesterol
What are the functions of a Protein?
animals- collagen, muscle fragments for movement, albumin helps blood form clots, hemoglobin helps carry oxygen, antibodies to fight diseases.
plants and animals- hormones regulate a function for growth or development, move materials through a membrane, enzymes to speed up cellular reactions.
What are the functions of a Nucleic acid?
store and transfer important information in the cell.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
water is used to break down a polymer.
What are the examples of a carb?
simple sugars- glucose, fructose, ribose
disaccharides- maltose
polysaccharides- starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
What are the examples of a lipid?
fats, oils, waxes, and steroids
What are the examples of a protein?
collagen, albumin, hemoglobin
What are the examples of a nucleic acid?
DNA and RNA
what is a polysaccharide?
a complex molecule made of 3 or more macro-molecules.