Carbohydrates
You are given a carbohydrate. You only know it has 8 oxygens. What is the molecular formula?
C8H16O8
What common trait do all lipids have?
Don't mix well with water.
Don't have a "true" polymer.
Proteins are made of what elements
C, H, O, N, S
DNA stands for
RNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Ribonucleic acid
How do hydrolysis reactions differ from dehydration?
Hydrolysis - break bonds
Dehydration - make bonds
The polymer of carbohydrates is:
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides/polysaccharides
What are two important functions of lipids?
- long-term energy storage
- comprise cell membranes/cell signaling
- hormones
- Insulation
T or F: the hydroxyl group of an amino acid cannot covalently bond to the hydroxyl group of another amino acid
True
The two nucleic acids are:
DNA
RNA
Glucose and fructose have the same molecular formula - C6H12O6. This means that they are ____________.
Isomer
What is the role of carbohydrates?
- Short-term energy source
- Structure
Same: contain glycerol head covalently bonded to fatty acid tail
Differ: number of fatty acid tails. presence of phosphate head
Two amino acids are linked together forming a ___________
Polypeptide
Dipeptide
Nucleotides contain 3 parts. What are these?
- 5-carbon sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogen base
Steroids contain how many fused rings
4
This polysaccharide is only found in plants _____________ and is used to ________
Cellulose - form plant cell walls
This type of fatty acids contain double bonds, whereas this type of fatty acid does not.
unsaturated fatty acid & saturated fatty acid
Proteins may denature due to changes in:
- salt
- pH
- Heat
Describe how the sugar-phosphate backbone forms. What bond is used?
Covalent bond between phosphate of 1 nucleotide and the sugar of another.
Nucleic Acid polymer is
Polynucleotide
This polysaccharide is found in animals and used for
Glycogen - energy storage
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic, which part is hydrophilic.
Hydrophobic - fatty acid tail
Hydrophilic - phosphate head
The tertiary structure of a polypeptide structure forms due to what
r-groups of amino acids interacting
DNA is made of how many polynucleotide strands?
2
If you want to build a carbohydrate macromolecule formed from 1000 monomers. How many water molecules will be formed.
999