Carbohydrates
What compounds make up carbohydrates?
carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
True or False? Fats do not act as insulation in higher vertebrates?
False
What is an example of a linear structure?
lysozyme
What is the process by which a denatured protein goes back into its normal form?
Renaturation
What are the nitrogenous bases?
cytosine, thymine (DNA), adenine, guanine, uracil (RNA)
What kind of bond is formed between two monosaccharides, to create a disaccharide?
Covalent Bonds
What are the three types of lipids?
fats, phospholipids, and steroids
What reaction forms polypeptides?
dehydration reaction
Who discovered the structural features of proteins, and when were they discovered?
Linus Pauling during the 1950s
What bonds hold together a double helix?
hydrogen bonds
Triose and Pentose are two examples of what kind of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
List the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats?
saturated → solid at room temperature, found mostly in animals, and no double bonds in fatty acid chain
Unsaturated → liquid at room temperature, found mostly in plants, double bond in fatty acid chain 300
Examples of quaternary protein structures...
Collagen, hemoglobin
What are 4 levels of protein structures?
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
Who discovered the double helix structure and when?
Watson and crick in 1953
What are the two types of polysaccharides?
Storage and structural
How many carbon rings need to be fused to create a steroid?
4
List any four types of proteins
structural, storage, transport, hormonal, contractile, antibodies, or enzymes
Amino acids are classified by what properties?
polar, nonpolar, and charged (ionic)
True or False. The number of purines equals the number of pyrimidines.
True
How many calories per gram do carbohydrates provide in most diets?
4kcal/gram
What is the process that forms a triacylglycerol, and what does it consist of?
dehydration formation, and 3 fatty acids to 1 glycerol (ester linkage)
What bonds can make up a secondary protein structure?
hydrogen bonds between amide hydrogens and carbonyl oxygens
What is the function of the Chaperonin protein complex?
Provide shelter for folding polypeptides, keep the new protein segregated from cytoplasmic influences.
What is the structure of a polynucleotide?
phosphodiester linkages (covalent) between the phosphate + sugar