Macros 1
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Provide quick energy
What is the function of proteins?
Build and repair body tissues
What is a chemical reaction?
Process that changes one set of compounds into another
How many chemical reactions do enzymes typically catalyze?
One
What macromolecule are most enzymes?
Proteins
What are the functions of lipids (two functions)?
Store long-term energy and insulate the body
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Store and transmit genetic information
What is the difference between reactants and products?
Elements or compounds that engage in a chemical reaction are reactants, and elements or compounds produced in a chemical reaction are products.
What are substrates?
The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
What conditions would be more favorable for enzymes in the stomach compared to enzymes in the blood?
Stomach = more acidic
Blood = more neutral - basic
Give me three examples of foods with carbohydrates
Bread, pasta, apples, bananas, potatoes
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What is the energy needed to start a reaction?
Activation energy
Where do substrates bind on enzymes?
The active site
What is it called when enzymes go too far out of their optimal range and change their shape and lose their ability to function?
Denaturation
What are the two monomers of lipids?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
How do catalysts assist in chemical reactions?
They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.
What is the model called that describes the enzyme with the substrate?
The lock and key model
What is the difference between Nucleic acids and amino acids?
Nucleic acids are macromolecules made of nucleotides that make up DNA and RNA. Amino acids are the monomers of proteins
What is a monomer?
The individual building blocks that make up polymers such as macromolecules
What are the monomers of Nucleic Acids?
Nucleotides
What is the function of enzymes (the full function)?
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
What are the three environmental conditions that can change enzyme structure and effect its function?
1. Extreme temperature
2. Extreme pH
3. Substrate concentration
What is the connection between macromolecules and enzymes? (Hint: what process breaks apart macromolecules? And what can enzymes do to help with that process?)
Macromolecules give us energy. Chemical reactions break apart macromolecules in food and capture its energy. Enzymes can speed up these chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.