Macromolecules 1.0
Which of the following is not a major function of macromolecules?
a. store energy
b. store genetic information
c. speed up reaction
d. facilitate diffusion
d. facilitate diffusion
Resistance to antibiotics results from variations in the genetic code of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which type of molecule encodes genetic information in Streptococcus pneumoniae?
A. carbohydrate
B. fatty acid
C. nucleic acid
D. protein.
C. nucleic acid
Which of the following observations does not accurately describe a property of water?
A) Ice floats in your cup of lemonade.
B) The water in the pot boils very quickly.
C) You notice raindrops sticking to your windshield.
D) The protein power dissolves as you shake the water bottle.
B) The water in the pot boils very quickly.
Which of the following functions does active transport perform in a cell?
A. packaging proteins for export from the cell
B. distributing enzymes throughout the cytoplasm
C. moving substances against a concentration gradient
D. equalizing the concentration of water inside and outside the cell
C. moving substances against a concentration gradient
In living organisms, lipids function mainly as:
A. Sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information
B. Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes
C. Transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions
D. Catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes
B. Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes
On Canva slide
B. protein
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
A. Water is an acid.
B. Water is a versatile solvent.
C. Water acts as a buffer.
D. Water has a high heat capacity.
D. Water has a high heat capacity.
On Canva Slides
D. 3 Only
Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water-permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule?
A. protein
B. carbohydrate
C. nucleic acid
D. lipid
D. lipid
Baby food manufacturers sometimes use proteases in their products. Proteases catalyze the breakdown of the proteins in these foods, making digestion easier for infants. Proteases are which of the following types of molecules?
A. enzyme
B. fatty acid
C. carbohydrate
D. nucleic acid.
A. enzyme (protein)
Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens?
A. The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
B. The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet
C. The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface
D. The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next
A. The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane?
A. simple osmosis
B. active transport
C. simple diffusion
D. facilitated diffusion
C. simple diffusion
Like complex carbohydrates, proteins are macromolecules that serve many functions and can be chemically broken down and restructured. Both proteins and complex carbohydrates are which of the following?
A. polymers of smaller subunits
B. sequence of sugars
C. lipids of large molecules
D. nucleotides of DNA
A. polymers of smaller subunits
1. Two of the four principle classes of organic compounds are proteins and nucleic acids. What is the relationship between proteins and nucleic acids?
A. Nucleic acids use proteins for energy
B. Nucleic acids are a subset of proteins
C. Proteins are long polymers of nucleic acids
D. Nucleic acids contain the information to make proteins
D. Nucleic acids contain the information to make proteins
A florist places a bouquet of white carnations in water containing blue dye. After a time, the flowers turn blue. What process helped the carnations to change color?
A. Specific heat
B. Surface tension
C. Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules
D. Formation of covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen molecules
C. Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules
Osmosis occurs when there is a different concentration of solute molecules on each side of the membrane. A beaker containing a 30% salt solution and a suspended cell containing a 10% salt solution. What statement best describes the cell after 20 minutes?
A. Water will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell.
B. Water will move from the beaker into the cell, resulting in a larger cell.
C. Salt will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell.
D. Salt will move from the beaker into the cell, resulting in a larger cell.
A. Water will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell.
Athletes often require a diet rich in a specific type of macromolecule to provide energy for intense physical activity. Which macromolecule is most important for athletes to consume in sufficient quantities to support their energy needs during exercise?
a) Proteins
b) Lipids
c) Carbohydrates
d) Nucleic Acids
c) Carbohydrates
When a blood vessel is injured, a series of complex reactions occur to form a clot and prevent excessive bleeding. Which type of macromolecule plays a critical role in the formation of blood clots?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Lipids
c) Proteins
d) Nucleic Acids
c) Proteins
1. Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead?
A. Flooding would occur and animals would be forced to migrate
B. Harmful organisms living in water would reproduce at a rapid rate
C. Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die
D. Plants would not have enough water to effectively carry out photosynthesis
C. Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die
C. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.