General Macromolecules
Four major groups of biological macromolecules
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
The building blocks of carbohydrates
What are monosaccharides?
The function of lipids
What is used for long-term energy storage?
These elements make up a protein.
What is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen?
The function of nucleic acids.
What are macromolecules that store genetic information?
The function of enzymes.
What are proteins that speed up chemical reactions?
Small building blocks that form large molecules
What are monomers?
The function of carbohydrates
What is short-term energy source for the body?
Lipids are made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and this element
What is oxygen?
The building blocks of proteins.
What are amino acids?
The two types of nucleic acids.
What are DNA and RNA?
The molecule an enzyme acts (or works) on.
What is the substrate?
Large molecules made of repeating monomers
What are polymers?
The structural carbohydrate found in plant cell walls that humans cannot digest.
What is cellulose?
The type of lipid that makes up the cell membrane.
What are phospholipids?
The function of proteins.
What are macromolecules that build body structures and control chemical reactions.
The building blocks of nucleic acids.
What are nucleotides?
The place on an enzyme where the substrate binds.
What is the active site?
The hydrogen bonds that hold nucleotides together are weak bc...
What is the bonds need to easily be broken?
This carbohydrate is broken down from bread in digestion
What is glucose?
The building blocks of fats.
What are fatty acids and glycerol?
The shape of a protein determines this.
What is its function?
This molecule contains the instructions for making proteins.
What is DNA?
When we talk about "optimal conditions" where enzymes work best, what are we referring to?
What is temperature and pH?
You can often identify carbohydrates, enzymes, and other proteins by these suffixes.
What is -ose, -ase, and -in?
The storage polysaccharide in plants that humans digest into glucose for energy.
What is starch?
Lipids that help regulate body processes such as growth and development.
What are hormones (steroids)?
A change in temperature or pH that causes a protein to lose its shape. What is this called?
What is denaturation?
What are the hydrogen bonds in DNA weak?
What is so they can easily break apart?
The model that explains enzyme-substrate interaction using a specific fit.
What is the lock and key model?