Carbs
What are the elements for carbohydrates?
The elements are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
What are the elements of lipids?
The elements are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen-long chains with lots of hydrogen but little oxygen.
What are the elements of proteins?
What elements make up a nucleic acid?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
How many types of amino acids are there throughout all proteins?
There are 20 different amino acids.
What is the monomer of carbs?
The monomer is a monosaccharide.
What are the monomers of lipids?
Glycerol, Fatty acids. (no true monomer)
What monomers make up proteins?
Amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
Nucleotide.
What makes up a nucleotide in nucleic acid?
Nucleotides are made of a phosphate 5 carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
What is the polymer of a carb?
The polymer is a polysaccharide.
What polymers are in lipids?
No polymers
What polymers make up proteins?
Polypeptides
What polymers are in nucleic acids?
Nucleic acid is the polymer.
What type of bonds does the carbons have in unsaturated fats?
The carbons have double bonds.
What are the functions of a carb?
Primary energy source
Plants-starch is long term energy source, cellulose, cell wall of plants.
Animals-chitin forms exoskeleton of arthropods, glycogen, is energy storage in liver and muscles.
What are some examples of lipids?
Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
What are some examples of proteins?
Collagen, hemoglobin, albumin.
DNA and RNA
What type of bonds does the carbons in saturated fats have?
The carbons have only a single bond to each other.
What are some examples of carbs?
Simpler sugars: glucose, fructose, galactose.
Disaccharides: Maltose
Polysaccharides: Cellulose, glycogen, chitin, steren.
What are some of the functions of lipids?
Long term energy storage
Triglycerides (fats)
Animals: saturated fatty acids-animal fats. unsaturated fatty acids - common in plants
--phospholipids in both plant and animal cell membranes.
What are the functions of proteins?
Animals: collagen-connective tissue. muscle filaments for movement. albumin helps form blood clots. hemoglobin helps to carry oxygen. antibodies to fight disease.
Plants and Animals: hormones regulate a function for growth or development. move materials through cell membrane. enzymes-speed up cell reactions.
What are the functions of nucleic acid?
The function is that they make up genetic information in cells.
What is a monosaccharide?
A monosaccharide is a simple sugar.