Buckyballs, diamonds, and graphite have this in common
What is they are all composed of only carbon (carbon [allotropes =>substances made of one element])
100
A group of linked amino acid in a specific order, folded in 3D
What is proteins
100
The definition of a lipid
What is a hydrophobic macromolecule made of hydrocarbon chains called fatty acids (build fats) or hydrocarbon rings (build sterols)
100
-storage
-quick release of energy
-structure
What is the functions of Carbohydrates
100
An organic macromolecule built using nucleotides
What is nucleic acids
200
Why carbon is so critical to life as we know it (3 reasons)
What is 1)Carbon has four valence electrons which can bond with other atoms to make lots of complex molecules important to life 2)Can form different types of covalent bonds 3)Carbon builds organic molecules => backbone element
200
What differentiates one amino acid from the other
What is the side chain (R) of each amino acid. The R group is the variable from one amino acid to the next. Each R has specific properties
200
Saturated: -all carbon to carbon bonds are single =>max # of H bonded to C -have a straight shape => tightly packed=> solid @ room temp
Unsaturated: -some carbon double bonds => not going to have the max #H - c=c results in kinked shape => packing is looser => liquid @ room temp
What is Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharides
200
Nitrogenous Bases with:
2 rings
1 rings
What is Purines (2 rings) and Pyrimidines (1 ring)
300
1) Made of hydrogen and carbon
2) Used as a fuel source
3) Combusting these releases energy
4) Lipids contain chains of these
What is hydrocarbons
300
A cell puts together a chain of amino acids in the right order. First it makes a copy of the relevant DNA instructions in the cell nucleus, and it takes it in the cytoplasm as RNA. Build peptide bonds via dehydration synthesis
What is how proteins are made
300
-energy storage
-insulation
-cushion
What is the functions of fat
300
-used for energy storage in plants (roots)
-moderately branched chains of glucose
What is Starch
300
The functions of nucleic acids
What is to store genetic code (DNA), carry DNA's message out of nucleus (MRNA), to be structural components of ribosomes (rRNA), aid in translations of MRNA's message(s) (tRNA), and to be an energy carrier (ATP)
400
The 4 organic molecules that contribute to life
What is proteins (amino acids), carbohydrates (monosaccharides), lipids (fatty acids), nucleic acids (nucleotides)
400
Denaturants- chemical or physical agents, such as heat, extreme pH, salinity
Enzymes have an optimal range of pH,heat,and salinity
What is how a protein is unfolded(broken down)
400
Synthetically produced to prevent oil separation in foods
Trans fats: -type of this
-used for their long shelf life => found in processed food
-raise your bad cholesterol =>build up + block blood vessels
What is Hydrogenated fats
400
-used in plant cell walls for structure
-non-branched linear chains of glucose
What is cellulose
400
How nucleotides bond
What is nucleotides bond phosphate to sugar with hydrogen bonds via dehydration synthesis
500
1) How macromolecules are built
2) How macromolecules are broken down
What is 1)Dehydration Synthesis
2) Hydrolysis
500
Catabolic (break bonds)
Anabolic (builds bonds)
What is the two general categories of enzymes
500
An amphipathic molecule (has both polar and no polar parts) that is an integral part of cell membrane => --- bilayer
What is phospholipid
500
main source of energy for cell functions (used as a reactant in cellular respiration)
What is glucose
500
The difference between the complementary base pairs in DNA and the complementary base pairs in RNA
What is in DNA adenine(A) bonds with thymine (T) and in RNA adenine bonds with uracil (U)