Just the Basics
Definition of a Macromolecules
What are substances required by the body to perform its basic functions.
List the correct order for the organization of your body from simplest to most complex.
What is atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
Carbohydrates are broken down into these two classes.
What are simple and complex.
Name three examples of lipids.
What are oils, fats, cholesterol, phospholipids, waxes.
The building blocks of proteins.
What are amino acids.
Name the Macromolecules
What are Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Water?
Salivary glands in the mouth produce this enzyme to begin the digestion of strach?
What is salivary amylase.
Name two examples of a monosaccharide.
What are glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Amount of energy stored in fat v. carbs and proteins.
What are 2x the amount.
Your body can synthesize _____ amino acids, but _____ are essential.
What are 11 and 9.
1"C" calorie is equal to
What is 1000 "c" calories = raising 1kg water, 1degree C.
The central nervous systems relies entirely on this nutrient to function?
What is glucose?
Maltose, sucrose, and lactose are examples of this.
What are disaccharides?
The digestion and absorption of fats help to absorb these vitamins, too.
What are Vitamins A, D, E, and K.
_____ is the loss of a protein's functional structure due to its environment (heat, acid, high salt concentrations, alcohol, mechanical agitation)
What is denaturation.
These types of food are nutrient dense with significant amounts of 1+ essential nutrient per calorie. Ex: fruits, veggies, whole grains...
What are high-quality foods?
Muscles and the liver store energy from glucose in this form?
What is glycogen.
Polysaccharides are complex carbs. _____ is a form of plant energy storage whereas _____ is a form of animal energy storage.
What is starch and glycogen.
The building blocks of a triglyceride.
What are fatty acids and glycerol.
_____ is the most abundant protein that composes bone tissue, skin, hair, blood vessels, tendons, and ligaments.
What is collagen.
To achieve a healthy diet there are _____ key factors to keep in mind. Name them.
What are:
1) Adequacy: Enough essential nutrients, fiber, calories
2) Balance: Appropriate amounts of ALL nutrients
3) Calorie Control & Moderation: Avoiding too little or too much
4) Variety: Different food/food group, regularly
The equation to calculate your BMI.
[weight (lb.) x 703] ÷ height (in)2
or
[weight (kg)] ÷ height (m)2
Dietary fibers help to reduce your risk for this.
What is obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease.
Difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
What is whether or not the chain is filled to capacity with hydrogen atoms.
Functions of proteins (5)
What are structural, storage, movement, transport, and enzymes.