The 4 Macromolecules
What are the four major types of biological macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Which macromolecule is the main source of energy for living things?
Carbohydrates
Is water a polar or nonpolar molecule?
Polar
What is the substance that an enzyme acts on called?
Substrate
What two environmental factors are especially important when determining how well an enzyme functions?
Temperature and pH
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino Acid
Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
Nucleic Acid
What type of bond forms between water molecules because of their partial charges?
Hydrogen Bond
What is the name of the location on an enzyme where the substrate binds?
Active Site
The temperature at which an enzyme works most effective is its _____________ temperature.
Optimal
Which macromolecule is made from nucleotides?
Nucleic Acid
Which macromolecule helps build and repair cells and tissues?
Protein
Why can many sugars dissolve easily in water?
Sugar is polar
What does an enzyme do to the activation energy of a chemical reaction?
Lowers it
What generally happens to an enzyme when the temperature becomes much higher than its optimal temperature?
Denatures
Which macromolecule is commonly used for long-term energy storage?
Lipids
Fats, Oils, and Waxes are examples of what macromolecule?
Lipids
What property of a molecule allows it to interact well with the charges of water?
Polarity
What happens to the rate of a reaction when an enzyme lowers the activation energy?
Speeds Up
Why can an enzyme work well at one pH but poorly at another pH?
Changes the enzymes structure/active site
What two types of smaller molecules combine to form most lipids?
Glycerol and Fatty Acids
Carbohydrates and Lipids both provide organisms with that?
Energy
This property of water allows fish to survive during the winter.
Density
When the substrate combines with the enzyme at the active site, it forms the what?
What model suggests that the enzyme and substrate fit perfectly together.
Lock and Key Model