Carbohydrates
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
provide energy for the body's cells, tissues, and organs
What is the main function of lipids?
Long-term energy storage
What is the main function of many proteins in the body?
Building and repairing muscles and tissues along with performing important cell functions
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What is the central dogma?
DNA → RNA → Protein
What is the monomer for carbohydrates?
A monosaccharide (simple sugar)
What two building components make up triglycerides?
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
What makes up a nucleic acid?
A nucleotide
A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
What enzyme makes mRNA using DNA as a template?
RNA polymerase
What is the name of a common monosaccharide used for energy?
Glucose
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids when it comes to their structure?
Saturated fatty acids have no carbon-carbon double bonds; unsaturated fatty acids have at least one.
What type of bond connects amino acids?
A peptide bond
Which DNA bases pair together?
A with T, and G with C
What is transcription?
Making an RNA copy of DNA instructions
Give me an example of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide
answer depending
What type of lipid makes up much of the cell membrane, and which part is attracted to water?
Phospholipids; their heads are attracted to water (hydrophilic)
What is an enzyme?
What is an enzyme made of?
What is the digestive enzyme in the stomach?
A biological catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction
most enzymes are proteins made of amino acids
Pepsin
Give two differences between DNA and RNA
DNA is double-stranded and uses thymine; RNA is usually single-stranded and uses uracil
What happens during translation?
A ribosome reads mRNA and connects amino acids to build a protein, with help from tRNA
What process joins two monosaccharides together while releasing water?
What is the OH group called?
Dehydration synthesis
-OH= Hydroxyl group
Name the four things Lipids do for us
Long-term energy storage – Store energy for later use.
Insulation – Help keep the body warm.
Protection – Cushion and protect organs.
Cell membranes – Help form the membranes surrounding cells.
What is denaturation, and name one thing that can cause it?
A change in a protein's normal shape, caused by factors such as high heat or extreme pH
If one strand of DNA has the sequence A–T–G–C–C–A, what would the complementary DNA strand look like?
T–A–C–G–G–T
What does ATP stand for, and what happens when it loses its last phosphate group?
Adenosine triphosphate. ATP becomes ADP and a phosphate is released, making energy available for cellular work