Macromolecules 1
How are carbohydrates and lipids similar?
they both provide energy
What are the monomers of Lipids?
Fatty acids and Glycerols
What characteristic of carbon makes it able to be the main component of biological macromolecules?
It has 4 valence electrons which allows it to bond with many different substances
What type of macromolecule is an enzyme?
protein
What is Activation energy?
The energy needed to start the chemical reactions.
What are the monomers of Proteins
Amino acids
What are the functions of Lipids?
Long-term source of energy, make up cell membrane, messengers
Hydrolysis is when water is ____________ (added to / taken away from) a compound to ______________ (break apart / build) polymers.
Hydrolysis is when water is added to a compound to break apart polymers.
How does an enzyme act as a catalyst?
It speeds up a chemical reaction.
What 2 things can denature an enzyme?
temperature and pH
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
Short-term energy source
What are the monomers of Nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
Dehydration synthesis is when water is ____________ (added to / taken away from) a compound to ______________ (break apart / build) polymers.
Dehydration synthesis is when water is taken away from a compound to build polymers.
Can a single enzyme be used over and over?
Yes!
Define active site.
The place on an enzyme where the substrate binds.
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
What is the main function of Nucleic acid?
Store genetic information, transfer and carry genetic information, hold instructions to make proteins
What is the difference between the way carbohydrates and lipids store energy?
Carbohydrates are short-term energy and lipids store long-term energy.
Why is an enzyme complex always compared to a "lock and key"?
There is only one type of key that will fit into a lock, as there is only one type of substrate that will fit into the active site of an enzyme.
What happens to Activation Energy with an enzyme is present?
It decreases
What are the polymers of carbohydrates?
disaccharides and polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, and glycogen)
What are the functions of proteins?
Build bones, muscles; transport materials; regulate cell processes; enzymes
Fill in the blanks with lipids or carbohydrates.
____________ can be broken down to provide energy-containing sugar monomers, and ____________ store energy in the bonds of the hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids.
Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy-containing sugar monomers, and lipids store energy in the bonds of the hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids.
What do enzymes do?
Speed up the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.
The enzyme that breaks down lactose (milk sugar) is called:
lactase