Carbohydrates
One gram of carbohydrates contains ______ calories
4
One gram of fat contains ____ calories
9
One gram of protein contains ______ calories
4
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all _____ -soluble vitamins.
fat
______ can be destroyed or broken down
Organic minerals
This type of carbohydrate is found in whole grains, vegetables, and fruits and is important for digestion.
Fiber
This type of lipid, found in cell membranes, consists of two hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head.
Phospholipids
This is the term for the building blocks that make up proteins.
Amino acids
Which vitamin deficiency can lead to weak bones and fractures?
Vitamin D
How many calories does mineral have?
0
This complex carbohydrate, found in foods like potatoes and rice, is broken down into glucose in the body but takes longer to digest than simple sugars.
Starch
These fats, typically solid at room temperature, have no double bonds between carbon atoms.
Saturated fats
The sequence of amino acids in a protein defines this level of structure.
Primary structure
This vitamin, crucial for red blood cell formation and neurological function, is primarily found in animal products and is often supplemented for those on a strict vegan diet. What is it?
B12
Which mineral requires Vitamin D and PTH to be absorbed?
Calcium
The process of converting carbohydrates into glucose in the body for energy.
digestion
This type of unsaturated fat, often found in processed foods, is considered harmful to heart health.
Trans fats
The process by which a protein's structure is altered, leading to loss of function, often due to factors like heat or pH changes, is known as what?
Denaturation
True or False! Vitamins are measured in milligrams and micrograms.
True
True or False! Major minerals are required in quantities greater than 100 mg daily.
True
This hormone helps regulate blood sugar levels by moving glucose from the bloodstream into the cells.
Insulin
Excess energy in the body is stored in this form, found in adipose tissue.
Triglycerides
This type of protein acts as a biological catalyst, speeding up chemical reactions in the body. What is it called?
Enzyme
The vitamins that are not easily excreted by the body are the _____-soluble vitamins, however, the kidney can filter excess water-soluble vitamins so they are eliminated in the urine.
fat or lipid
These compounds, found in foods such as spinach and whole grains, can inhibit the absorption of essential minerals like calcium and iron. What are they called?
Oxalates