Carbs
These simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose, consist of a single sugar unit and are the basic units from which all carbs are built.
What are monosaccharides?
One gram of fat provides this many calories of energy, which is more than double the energy provided by a gram of protein or carbohydrates
What is 9 calories?
These are the building blocks of all protein molecules, and there are 20 different types in total
What are amino acids?
Often called the "sunshine vitamin," it helps the body use calcium and phosphorus to build strong bones and teeth
What is vitamin D?
These three minerals work together as electrolytes to maintain the body's fluid balance
What are sodium, potassium and chloride?
This scale was developed to show how different carbohydrates affect blood sugar levels.
What is the Glycemic Index?
This type of fat, often found in processed and fast foods, is created through hydrogenation and is linked to an increased risk of heart disease
What is trans fat?
This is the specific number of essential amino acids that the human body cannot manufacture and must obtain from food
What is nine?
This water-soluble vitamin, found in citrus fruits, acts as an antioxidant and aids in the absorption of iron
What is vitamin C?
This trace mineral is a key component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, which transports oxygen to the body's tissues
What is iron?
Found in the cell walls of plants, this indigestible carbohydrate promotes normal digestion and helps prevent constipation
What is fibre?
Often called the "good cholesterol," this lipoprotein helps clear excess cholesterol away from blood vessel walls
What is HDL (high-density lipoprotein)?
These types of proteins, mostly found in animal sources, contain all nine essential amino acids
What are complete proteins?
Vitamins are classified into two groups: water-soluble and this group, which are stored in fatty tissues and can cause toxicity if consumed in excess
What are fat-soluble vitamins?
Building strong bones during childhood with Vitamin D and this mineral is the best defense against osteoporosis later in life
What is calcium?
This is the form in which the body stores excess glucose in the muscle and liver cells
What is glycogen?
These essential fatty acids, found in fatty fish and flaxseed, are critical for brain function, memory, and reducing the risk of heart disease
What are Omega-3 fatty acids?
Two or more incomplete proteins, such as rice and beans, that are eaten together to provide all essential amino acids are known as this
What are complementary proteins?
This B vitamin is recommended for women before and during pregnancy to help prevent neural tube birth defects like spina bifida
What is folic acid (vitamin B9)?
An enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as a goiter, is caused by a deficiency in this trace mineral
What is iodine?
When the body lacks enough carbohydrates for energy, it enters this metabolic state where it uses ketones, a byproduct of fat metabolism
What is ketosis?
These are the three main types of fatty acids
What are saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids?
A severe lack of protein can lead to this disease, which is characterized by a swollen belly filled with liquid below the skin
What is kwashiorkor?
This vitamin is unique because it is naturally found only in animal foods, requiring vegetarians to consume fortified products or supplements
What is vitamin B12?
These substances, such as lycopene and allicin, give plants their color and flavor and provide human health benefits like reducing inflammation
What are phytochemicals?