Volcanoes
What is magma and lava?
Magma is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface. When it erupts, it's called lava.
The volcano that is in a cone shape and have a bowl shaped crater at the summit.
What is a cinder cone?
What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy.
Where is magma stored before a volcanic eruption?
In the magma chamber
What is a volcano?
How do volcanoes form?
Volcanoes form due to tectonic plate movement, magma buildup, or hotspots.
The volcano that is built almost entirely of lava flows, building a broad, flat cone of lava.
What is a shield volcano?
What is seismology?
The study of earthquake waves.
The opening at the surface where magma erupts.
What is the vent?
What is tephra?
Volcanic ash, lapilli (small rock fragments), and other ejected material.
What is the difference between an explosive and an effusive eruption?
Explosive eruptions are characterized by strong blasts of ash and gases, while effusive eruptions involve slower-flowing lava.
The volcano that is typically large, steep sided, symmetrical cone that is built of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, and cinders
What is a composite volcano? (or stratovolcano)
What is the focus and epicenter of an earthquake?
The focus of an earthquake is is the point within Earth where the earthquake starts, and the epicenter of an earthquake is the location on the surface directly above the focus.
What is the conduit in a volcano
the underground passage, often pipe-shaped, that carries magma from the magma chamber to the surface.
How are earthquakes measured?
They are measured using scales like seismographs and the Moment Magnitude Scale.
How do volcanoes help the environment?
Volcanoes give fertile land for plants to thrive in after eruptions, specifically the ash released in eruptions.
The volcano that is formed like a bulge shape, spilling loose fragments down its sides.
What is a lava dome?
Why are some earthquakes deadlier and more destructive than others?
The destructiveness of an earthquake can be influenced by the magnitude of the earthquake, the intensity, and the construction quality of the are affected.
What is sill in a volcano?
A sheet-like intrusion of magma that forces its way between existing rock layers, forming a flat, horizontal or gently dipping body of igneous rock.
What is a pyroclastic flow?
a fast-moving current of hot volcanic gas, ash, and rock fragments that rushes down a volcano's side
How can scientists predict volcanic eruptions?
Scientists use seismographs to measure seismic waves to predict volcano eruptions.
The volcano that collapses into the Earth's surface to form a huge bowl due to the magma being removed from beneath a volcano.
What are calderas?
What is the difference between magnitude and intensity?
Intensity describes the effects of an earthquake in qualitative terms while magnitude measures the "size" of seismic waves using seismographs.
What is a rafted cinder cone?
A hill made up of cinders that is a fragment of a cinder cone that was carried away by a lava flow erupted from a side vent near the base of the cone.
The process by which molten rock, magma, erupts from within a planet's interior to its surface, forming volcanoes and related geological features