Symptoms
Etiology
Treatment
DSM Diagnosis
Liona's Background
100
Name one cognitive symptom of depression
feelings of worthlessness, indecisiveness
100
What is a biological etiological factor for depression?
family genetic history, low serotonin levels, higher cortisol levels
100
Name two of the three treatment types for depression that we have outlined
cognitive therapy, internet based cognitive therapy, and medications (SSRIs, antidepressants)
100
Name three symptoms of major depression
a) Reported or observed depressed mood for majority of the day and nearly every day by either the patient or by others b) A growing loss of interest or pleasure from all or nearly all activities like hobbies, social activities and work. a) Significant weight gain/ weight loss or persistent increase/decrease in appetite b) Insomnia or prolonged sleeping c) Agitation or slowed body movements (eg. inability to sit still, slowed speech) d) Fatigue or loss of energy e) Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt f) Lessened ability to think or concentrate or difficulties making decisions g) Recurring thoughts of death or suicidal thoughts, plans, or attempts
100
When did Liona’s symptoms of depression begin?
age 11 but intensified in the year before treatment
200
Name two physical symptoms of depression
sleeping problems, changes in weight, loss of energy, excessive sleeping, loss of appetite
200
Name two of the four social factors that are linked to the onset of depression
marital satisfaction, social support system, home environment, poorer lifestyle habits
200
What are the three phases of Interpersonal Psychotherapy? (IPT)?
Initial, middle, and termination
200
List one of the differences between the DSM-IV and DSM-V for major depression
1. New category: Persistent depressive disorder - grouping of dysthymic disorder and chronic major depressive disorder 2. Changed requirement for clinically significant distress or impairment in areas of life from Criterion C to B 3. Creation of the specifier “with mixed features” 4. Creation of the specifier “with anxious distress” 5. Removal of the bereavement exclusion
200
List one of the suicidal gestures made by Liona
1.Three months ago Liona superficially cut her wrist using a razor blade without letting anyone notice her injury. 2. Two months later after jumping into the school pool during swim practice, Liona contemplated letting herself sink to the bottom after losing her breath underwater.
300
What disorder shares many of the same symptoms as major depression but at much milder forms?
Dysthymic disorder
300
Name one of the two psychological dimensions that have been linked to depression
Attributional style and dysfunctional thinking
300
What is the goal of cognitive therapy in the treatment of depression?
To teach patients to examine thoughts while they are depressed and recognize errors in thinking
300
In order to meet the DSM-IV criteria of major depression, the symptoms cannot be due to _______
symptoms experienced by the individual cannot be influenced by biological factors (Eg. Drug effects, medical condition) or bereavement (eg. death of a loved one)
300
Name 2 members of Liona’s family who also experienced depression
Mother after divorce, father, maternal aunt, paternal grandfather
400
What is the most dangerous symptom of depression?
Thoughts of suicide, suicide attempt, formulating a plan to commit suicide
400
Depression is associated with lower levels of what neurotransmitter?
Serotonin
400
How many sessions does IPT typically involve?
12
400
Consistent with Liona’s case, depressed mood can be expressed in children and adolescents in the form of ___________
Increased Irritability
400
Name one of the factors in school that caused stress for Liona
Transfer, Minority, Low SES
500
One symptom of depression is depersonalization. What is depersonalization?
The feeling of being in a dream or detached from your body.
500
Name one gene that has been confirmed as a risk factor for depression
Trick question: There are none!
500
Name two of three medications that are used to treat depression
SSRIs, Antidepressants, MAO inhibitors
500
What is double depression?
Although in most cases clinicians who diagnose patients with having major depression do not also diagnose them with having dysthymic disorder, there is a possibility of being diagnosed with both or double depression if the person experiences a major depressive episode following a long-standing duration with dysthymia disorder
500
List two reasons for why Liona experienced tension with her father
Abandonment, physical arguments with mother and sometimes herself, robbing her role as protector and companion
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