French Revolution
A combination of the absolute monarchy and feudalism in France; it included the three estates
What is the Old Regime?
They were the urban middle-class; they were the merchants/artisans and were well-educated and often wealthy
Who were the Bourgeoisie?
When each representative received one vote; this was favored by the Third Estate
What was vote by head?
An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members
What was the labor union?
goods made by hand in the home
What was the cottage/domestic system?
Social classes in France
What are estates?
They were the urban poor; they were the cooks/servants who were paid low wages and were often out of work
Who were San-Culottes?
This is the date that the Third Estate voted to leave the Estates-General and form a new body of government for the people of France
What was June 17th, 1789?
taking and fencing off land formerly shared by peasants to create larger fields
What was the enclosure system?
This man revolutionized the way to manufacture steel by making the process quicker and more efficient
Who was Henry Bessemer?
They consisted of the Roman Catholic Clergy; they received special privileges and paid no direct taxes
Who was the first estate?
They were the rural poor; they were the farmers who paid about half of their income in taxes to the nobles, the church and other agents of the king
What are peasants?
This was legislative branch of the government; it proclaimed an end to the absolute monarchy and the start of a representative government
What was the national assembly?
movement of people from rural areas (country) to the cities
What is urbanization?
English inventor of the spinning jenny
Who was James Hargreaves?
They consisted of the Nobles; they received special privileges and paid no direct taxes to the king
Who was the second estate?
The legislative branch of the French government prior to the French Revolution; it could meet only with permission from the king (May 5th, 1789)
Who were the estates-generals?
He was the king of France at the start of the revolution; he was weak and indecisive
Who was Louis XVI?
business organization in a specific area, such as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories
What is enterprise?
Improved farming methods
What was the agricultural revolution?
They consisted of the bourgeoisie, the san-culottes and the peasants; they paid high taxes and had no special privileges
Who was the third estate?
When each estate received one vote; this was favored by the First and Second Estates
What was vote by order?
She was the queen of France at the start of the revolution; she was from Austria and spent too much money on herself
Who was Marie Antoinette?
He improved the steam engine
Who was James Watt?
cloth goods made of linen, wool or cotton (clothing)
What are textiles?