The British Arrive
In what year did Captain James Cook chart Australia's east coast?
1770
What type of colony was established in New South Wales in 1788?
A penal colony
During which decade did the Australian gold rushes begin?
The 1850s
In which Victorian town did the Eureka Stockade occur?
Ballarat
What were wealthy pastoralists who occupied large areas of grazing land called?
Squatters
Who commanded the First Fleet and became the first Governor of New South Wales?
Captain Arthur Phillip
In what year did the First Fleet arrive in Australia?
1788
Why did thousands of Chinese migrants travel to Australia during the gold rushes?
To earn money from gold mining, often to support their families.
Who was the leader of the diggers at the Eureka Stockade?
Peter Lalor
What name was given to people who sought to buy small areas of Crown land to farm?
Free selectors
What was the name of the first British settlement established in January 1788?
Sydney Cove
What name did Captain James Cook give to the eastern coast of Australia when claiming it for Britain in 1770?
New South Wales
What type of mining did Chinese diggers often undertake after European miners had abandoned an area?
Reworking abandoned tailings
What organisation formed in November 1854 to demand political and mining reforms?
The Ballarat Reform League
In which decade did free selection laws begin to be introduced?
The 1860s
What Latin term was used to describe land as belonging to no one?
Terra nullius
Which Australian harbour did Captain Arthur Phillip explore before establishing the first British settlement?
Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour)
Name two forms of discrimination experienced by Chinese diggers.
Violence, racist abuse, discriminatory taxes, exclusion or unequal treatment (any two).
On what exact date did government forces attack the Eureka Stockade?
3 December 1854
What was the practice called when squatters selected valuable land to prevent others accessing surrounding areas?
Peacocking
Why was terra nullius used to justify British occupation of Aboriginal land?
The British failed to recognise Aboriginal land ownership
What was the name of the ship commanded by Captain James Cook during his 1770 voyage to Australia?
HMS Endeavour
Why did some European diggers resent Chinese miners?
Racial prejudice, cultural differences and fears of competition for gold and employment.
Identify two important outcomes of the Eureka Stockade.
The gold licence was replaced by a cheaper miner's right, political representation was expanded
Explain why free selection laws often failed to create a society of independent small farmers.
Squatters used loopholes, dummies and peacocking to retain land