Pathophysiology
This receptor’s abnormal function causes calcium to flood into muscle cells.
What is the Ryanodine receptor?
This depolarizing muscle relaxant is a well-known MH trigger.
What is succinylcholine?
This is usually the first sign of MH noted in the operating room.
What is rise in end tidal CO2?
This drug is the only specific treatment for MH.
What is Dantrolene (or Ryanodex)?
Nurses must do this first when recognizing early warning signs of MH.
What is call for help/activate the MH protocol?
The buildup of this ion leads to sustained muscle contraction and rigidity.
What is Calcium?
Sevoflurane and desflurane belong to this drug class that can trigger MH.
What are volatile inhaled anesthetics?
Rigidity of this facial muscle after succinylcholine may indicate MH.
What is the masseter muscle?
This is the IV dose of Dantrolene (or Ryanodex).
What is 2.5 mg/kg IV, repeated as needed?
This provider must immediately discontinue triggering agents and lead the administration of dantrolene.
Who is the anesthesiologist?
This overall state is marked by increased CO₂, acidosis, and tachycardia.
What is a hypermetabolic state?
Besides anesthesia, this type of external physical stress may contribute to MH.
What is heat or exercise?
Dark or brown urine indicates this dangerous complication.
What is myoglobinuria from rhabdomyolysis?
Patients should be hyperventilated with this gas at high flow.
What is 100% oxygen?
During an MH crisis, this team member assists the anesthesia provider by preparing the anesthesia machine for flushing with 100% oxygen, setting up charcoal filters, and helping with emergency equipment.
Who is the anesthesia technician?
MH follows this type of genetic inheritance pattern.
What is autosomal dominant?
Name one volatile anesthetic that can trigger MH.
What is sevoflurane, desflurane, or halothane?
This electrolyte imbalance contributes to life-threatening dysrhythmias in MH.
What is hyperkalemia?
Placing ice packs and infusing chilled fluids are examples of this intervention.
Following an MH crisis, patients should be monitored in ICU for this length of time.
What is at least 24 hours?
This diagnostic test, performed on a muscle biopsy, is considered the gold standard for confirming MH susceptibility.
What is caffeine-halothane contracture test?
True or False — non-depolarizing muscle relaxants trigger MH.
What is false?
This cardiac complication, often triggered by hyperkalemia in MH, can rapidly become fatal if not treated promptly.
What are dysrhythmias?
These heart drugs should be avoided in MH because of their interaction with dantrolene.
What are calcium channel blockers?
In prevention, this critical resource must be fully stocked, checked, and accessible as soon as possible in every OR.
What is the MH cart?