Predator/ Prey / Conservation
List two benefits that predators gain through group hunting?
larger prey, easy location of mates, richer learning environment, division of labor, opportunities for specialization
The term for the full set of conditions in which a species or individual could thrive (Theoretical)?
Fundamental Niche
What are 2 benefits to group living?
better protection from predators, access to larger prey, easy location of mates, division of labor
What kind of sensory mechanisms allow animals to navigate? List at least *2*
Visual (using familiar landmarks), sun / stars, earth's magnetic field, olfactory senses
What is an animal's home range defined as?
The area that an animal spends most of its time for food /water/ shelter.
List two strategies or benefits seen in herding prey species.
- Dilution effect
- Confusion
- Selfish herd effect
- Warning signals
A fundamental niche is smaller than a realized niche. (T/F)
False
What are 2 costs of group living?
quicker depletion of food, increased aggression, shared food, increased competition, increased diseases or parasites
What mammal species has the longest annual migration?
Grey whales (travel 10,000-12,000 + miles round trip)
What is the "core use area" of an animal's home range?
It is the central portion of its home range that is more highly frequented. Related to having greater food supply, denning sites, and water sources.
Draw a figure for the Lotka-Volterra model and give a one sentence definition
Peaks and troughs of prey population is mirrored by predator population after a short time time lag.
Define the relationship seen in commensalism interactions. (+/-/0)
+/0
How many mammal species have been identified as having truly eusocial behavior?
2
What bat species migrates thousands of km's south to Mexico for the winter?
Hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus)
What factors influence an animal's home range size? *List at least 3*
What percent of total mammalian biomass is currently composed of wild mammals?
4%
List two ways that species avoid competition.
-Resource partitioning
-Temporal separation
-Spatial separation
behavioral action of curling the upper lip to help transfer scent/pheromones
The flehmen response
What is the difference between saturation and pre-saturation dispersal?
Pre-saturation: happens before habitats are completely full, often due to competition or social social pressures
Saturation: dispersal because habitats are over-populated
How is an animal's territory different than home range?
It is a defended area that is smaller than home range and does not overlap with other individuals of the same species
Define and explain the Pittman Robertson act.
landmark US federal law that imposes an 11% excise tax on firearms, ammunition, and archery equipment to fund state wildlife conservation, habitat restoration, and hunter education programs. It provides a consistent, dedicated funding source for state fish and game agencies, aiming to restore wild birds, mammals, and their habitats
List the term for how two competing species can coexist in a stable environment?
Niche differentiation
The behavioral term for highly species exhibiting a highly organized social structure with cooperative brood care, division of labor, and overlapping generations.
Eusocial behavior
Wildebeest migration in the Serengeti follows what pattern across the landscape?
Wildebeest follow a clockwise, approximately 1,000-kilometer circular loop driven by seasonal rainfall.
What species has shown the longest homing movement ever recorded?
A white tailed deer (traveled 560 km)