Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma
4 Risk factors
1) Age > 65 YO
2) Alcoholism
3) Comorbidities
4) Corticosteroid therapy
Transmission
Person to Person by airborne transmission
Treated with
Anti-TB agents for 6-12 months
2 Classifications
What is small cell and non-small cell
4 Types
Community, Hospital, Ventilator, Health-Care Acquired
5 S/S
1) Chills
2) Fever
3) Myalgia
4) URTI symptoms
5) Crackles
Patho Effects
Inflammation, exudate accumulates, granulomas become tubercles (fibrotic masses), which then become necrotic and calcify
What do we collect sputum for
AFB; Acid fast bacillus
3 Cell Types
What is squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, and large cell
What indicates Community Acquired Pneumonia
Occurring in the community or within <48 Hours of hospital admission
5 Dx tools
CXR, Blood culture, Sputum culture, urine culture, bronchoscopy
4 Risk Factors
Inhalation, immunocompromised status, substance abuse, HCW
Tobacco smoke, environment/occupational exposure, age
Hospital acquired pneumonia
occurring > 48 Hrs after hospital admission
2 Ways for Med. Management
1) administer antibiotics after the Culture
2) O2 administration
4 S/S
Low grade fever, cough, night sweats, weight loss
4 S/S
Asymptomatic until late
-Cough
-dyspnea
-chest pain
-persisten "infections"
5 indications for health-care associated pneumonia
1) Hospitilization for > 2 days
2) Residence in nursing home
3) antibiotic therapy, chemo within 30 days
4) hemodialysis treatment
5) family member w infection due to MDR bacteria
What vaccine do we encourage
Flu and PCP vaccine after 65 YOA
4 Dx Tests
TB skin test, CXR, Quantiferon test, sputum culture
4 Dx
CXR, CT, Biopsy, PET scan