Earths Structure
What are the four main layers of the Earth?
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.
Name two types of natural hazards.
Earthquakes, floods.
What causes earthquakes?
Movement of tectonic plates.
What is a common impact of floods?
Damage to property and infrastructure.
What is hazard mitigation?
Actions taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk.
What is the lithosphere?
The rigid outer layer of the Earth, including the crust and upper mantle.
What is a tectonic hazard?
Hazards caused by tectonic processes, like earthquakes.
How do volcanic eruptions occur?
Magma rises through the crust, leading to eruptions.
How can droughts affect agriculture?
Reduced crop yields and food shortages.
What is the purpose of early warning systems?
To provide timely information to minimize loss.
Describe the asthenosphere.
A semi-fluid layer upon which tectonic plates move.
What is a climatic hazard?
Hazards related to weather and climate, like hurricanes.
What causes cyclones?
Warm ocean waters and atmospheric conditions.
What are the social impacts of earthquakes?
Loss of life, displacement of communities.
How can land-use planning reduce hazard risk?
Zoning areas to prevent construction in high-risk zones.
Compare oceanic and continental crust.
Oceanic crust is thinner and denser; continental crust is thicker and less dense.
What is a biological hazard?
Hazards caused by biological processes, like diseases.
How does deforestation contribute to landslides?
Removal of vegetation destabilizes slopes.
What are the economic impacts of volcanic eruptions?
Loss of tourism revenue, rebuilding costs.
How do building codes help in hazard management?
Ensuring structures can withstand specific hazards.
Explain the process of plate tectonics.
The movement of Earth's plates due to mantle convection.
What is a geomorphological hazard?
Hazards related to landforms, like landslides.
How does climate change influence natural hazards?
Alters weather patterns, increasing hazard frequency.
Discuss the long-term environmental impacts of tsunamis.
Destruction of ecosystems, saltwater intrusion.
Evaluate the effectiveness of international aid in disaster response.
Provides resources and support for recovery efforts.