Math
what is the formula rate of magnification?
what is, image size/ actual size.
what is the difference between euryhaline and stenohaline
Euryhaline: able to live in waters of a wide range of salinity.
Stenohaline: able to tolerate only a narrow range of salinity.
what is osmosis
osmosis: diffusion of water (from higher to lower water potential)
recognize the animal structure.
-Mitochondria
-Golgi body
-Plasma membrane
-endoplasmic reticulum (smooth & rough)
calculate surface area
(SA)=2lw+2lh+2hw
what is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
in simple diffusion, molecules move without the assistance of membrane proteins, whereas in facilitated diffusion, membrane proteins assist molecules in their movement downward
what increases oxygen absorption.
what is a larger surface area.
what is active transport
the movement of substances across a plasma membrane up their concentration gradient
how to calculate volume ratios
divide the total surface area by the total volume.
outline why marine organisms may need to regulate their water content and ion content
Most saltwater fish constantly lose water through their gills and skin. Because the fish is losing water, it must drink a lot to stay hydrated-but salty seawater is the only water around. To get rid of excess salt, the fish's kidneys pump lots of salt into its urine.
what are the raw materials of cellular respiration
The raw materials of cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen and the products of cellular respiration are ATP, carbon dioxide, and water
what is ram ventilation
(name an animal that uses it)
Push water through their gills. These are the fish that need to swim to breathe, because the forward movement is what pushes water through their gills.
ex:tuna, the great white shark, salmon
how to calculate magnification of an image
Measure the length of the image with a ruler
Ensure that you have the same units for the image length & actual length
Use the formula for magnification by dividing the image length by the actual length
outline the process of osmoregulation in salmon
In fresh water, the salmon's kidneys produce large volumes of dilute urine (to cope with all of the water that's diffusing into the salmon's body fluids), while in the ocean environment, the kidneys' urine production rates drop dramatically and the urine is as concentrated as the kidneys can make it
what are the waste products of respiration
The waste products that are released are carbon dioxide which is exhaled through breathing out and water through sweating and urination.
what is pumped ventilation
(name an animal that uses it)
buccal pumping of water into the mouth and through the opercular cavity , then out the gills in demersal & slow swimming fishes
ex: grouper, and rays
what is the chemical equation for respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
(glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water)
DAILY DOUBLE!!
what are the definitions of osmoconformer and osmoregulator, and how are they different
osmoconformer: organisms that keep their internal fluids isotonic to their environment, that is, they maintain an internal salinity similar to their ambient conditions
osmoregulation: The process by which an organism regulates the water balance in its body and maintains the homeostasis of the body
difference: Osmoregulators, facing diverse habitats, actively expel or retain salts to maintain homeostasis, while osmoconformers match their internal osmolarity with their environment to avoid significant osmotic gradients.
DAILY DOUBLE!!
recognize the plant cell structure.
-Cell wall
-Golgi apparatus
-Central vacuole
-Cytoplasm
-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-nucleus
what is the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure
the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character and are semi permeable