Ch.1
Ch. 2
Ch. 3
Ch. 4
Ch. 5
100
Define Chemistry
What is the study of composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes accompanying these processes.
100
Define the scientific method (thoroughly explain the steps of it as well)
What is a logical approach to solving problems by -observing and collecting data -formulating hypotheses -testing these hypotheses -formulating theories that are supported by data
100
Describe plum pudding model in ALL DETAIL and why it was wrong (who created it, why was it called that, etc.)
What is the model named after an English dessert that JJ. Thomson believed was the layout of the atom pertaining to electrons. He believed that negative electrons were spread evenly throughout the positive charge of the rest of the atom. However, Ernest Rutherford and associated Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden bombarded a piece of gold foil with fast moving alpha particles. They found that 1/ 8000 alpha particles deflected and it was because of the dense nucleus every atom has.
100
Define both frequency and wavelength and describe their relationship.
What is frequency- the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second wavelength- distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves They are inversely proportional.
100
Define periodic law
What is the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of atomic numbers.
200
Are solutions pure substances and why?
What is no because although they are homogeneous, they are mixtures and the atoms aren't chemically bonded together.
200
Name the system of units we use with measurements.
What is SI.
200
What is the mass in grams of 1.2 x 10^9 atoms of copper?
What is 1.27 x 10^-14.
200
How can one find the quantum of energy?
What is using frequency x Max Planck's Constant to find it.
200
What is atomic radius and define its periodic and group trends and why.
What is one-half the distance between nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together. Periodic trend: gradual decrease because as electrons add to s and p sub levels, they are dragged closer to the nucleus. Group trend: gradual increase because as electrons occupy higher energy levels, sizes of atoms increase
300
Distinguish between extensive and intensive properties?
Extensive depend on the amount of matter and intensive do not depend on the amount of matter.
300
Name the prefixes we have learned and put them in order.
What is Tera (T)- 10^12 Giga (G)- 10^9 Mega (M)- 10^6 Kilo (k)- 10^3 Hecto (h)- 10^2 Deka (da)- 10^1 Deci (d)- 10^-1 Centi (c)- 10^-2 Milli (m)- 10^-3 Micro (ยต)- 10^-6 Nano (n)- 10^-9 Pico (p)- 10^-12
300
State Dalton's Laws
What is 1. All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. 2. Atoms of an element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties. 3. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed. 4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds. 5. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged.
300
Name and describe each of the quantum numbers that illustrate where an electron was in a moment in time (include variables that symbolize)
What is principal quantum number (n)- indicates main energy level angular moment quantum number (l)- indicates shape of orbital a.k.a. sublevel magnetic quantum number (m)- indicates orientation (direction or position) of orbital around nucleus Spin quantum number- indicates two fundamental spin states of electron in orbital
300
Contrast and define ionization energy (first ionization energies) and its trends and electron affinity and its trends.
What is Ionization energy- energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element Trends: increases across period, decreases down group electron affinity: energy change occurring when an electron is acquired by neutral atom Trends: in general, with exceptions, electron affinities will either increase or decrease, and decreases drown groups but very irregular trend
400
Name the states of matter and their volume and shape (only for 3).
What is -solid: definite volume and definite shape -liquid: definite volume but indefinite shape -gas: neither definite volume nor definite shape
400
Name the difference between direct proportions and inverse proportions and provide examples for each.
Something directly proportional divides one by the other to give a constant value whereas inversely proportional multiplies to a constant product.
400
Two different compounds are formed by the elements carbon and oxygen. The first compound contains 42.9% by mass carbon and 57.1% by mass oxygen. The second compound contains 27.3% by mass carbon and 72.7% by mass oxygen. Show that the data are consistent with the Law of Multiple Proportions.
What is the masses of oxygen combining with carbon a 2:1 ratio.
400
Describe Aufbrau principle and name order which energy levels fill to the seventh (only up to 7d).
What is the principle that states an electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it. Order: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p 6f 7d
400
Name the names for a positive ion and a negative ion
What is cation- positive ion anion- negative ion
500
Name the six areas of chemistry.
What is organic chemistry- the study of carbon-containing compounds inorganic chemistry- the study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics) physical chemistry- the study of properties and changes of matter and relation to energy analytical chemistry- the identification of components and composition of materials biochemistry- the study of substances and processes occurring in living things theoretical chemistry- using mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind chemical behavior and designing and predicting properties of new compound analytical chemistry- the identification of components and composition of materials biochemistry- the study of substances and processes occurring in living things theoretical chemistry- using mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind chemical behavior and designing and predicting properties of new compound
500
Name the rules for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing with significant figures.
What is When adding or subtracting, the answer must have the same number of digits to the right of the decimal point as there are in the measurement having the fewest to the right of the decimal point. When multiplying or dividing, the answer can have no more significant figures that are in a measurement with the fewest number of significant figures.
500
Naturally occurring copper consists of 69.15% copper- 63, atomic mass of 62.929601 u, and 30.85% copper- 65, which has an atomic mass of 64.927794 u. What is the average atomic mass?
What is approximately 63.55 u.
500
Find noble gas notation for Fe
What is [Ar]3d^5, 4s^2
500
Discuss contributions for periodic table by Cannizzaro, Mendeleev, and Moseley.
What is Cannizzaro- presented conniving method for accurately measuring masses of atoms Mendeleev- arranged elements according to properties and looked for trends Moseley- organized elements by atomic numbers
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