Equations and formulas
The formula for energy loss
C = P + R + F + U
c(energy consumed) p(energy lost in heat) r(lost in feces) u(lost in urine) p(energy left over)
Purpose of photosynthesis
Allows food to become available to all other organisms higher up in the food wen
The definition of photoautotroph
An organism that makes light energy in photosynthesis
Process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in food.
What are three similarites of photosynthesis and chemosynthesis
Both require a energy source
Both produce glucose
Formula for efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels
Net/gross x 100
By- products oxygen in photosynthesis and sulfur in chemosynthesis.
different sources of energy (light/chemicals)
The definition of chemoautotroph
The definition of chemosynthesis
Process by which bacteria oxidizes hydrogen sulfide to produce glucose
What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems
The sun
Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H1206 + O2 = CO2 + H20 + ATP
The meaning of GPP
Gross Primary productivity - the total energy captured by primary producers from the sun.
The definition of biomass
The amount of biological material contained within living organisms.
Examples of factors that effect the rate of photosynthesis
Light (more light more photosynthesis)
seasons (affect light and intensities)
nutrients (carbon, nitrates = more photosynthesis)
temperature = warm
Give two reasons for the inefficiency in the use of the Sun's energy
Water absorbs some of the light energy/wave lengths
Wrong wavelengths which can not be absorbed by the various pigments
light energy is reflected off the surface
light passes straight through and not absorbed
Equation for photosynthesis
CO2 + H20 + Sunlight = Glucose(C6H12O6) + O2
The meaning of NPP
Net Primary prodcution - the remaining organic substances (produced by photosynthesis) after respiration.
The defintion of cellular respiration
Process that allows all organisms to convert nutrients in chemical energy into a useable form of energy (ATP)
Reason why pyramids of biomass are inverted in ocean food Webs
The phytoplankton reproduce so quickly but are eaten quickly so the numbers of biomass appear smaller.
Two examples of ways that energy can be lost from a food chain
Not all organisms may be eaten by another
Loses in excretion
Loses in egestion
Energy lost through respiration
death
Equation for chemosynthesis
CO2 + H20 + H2S = C6H13O6 + Sulfur compounds
this happens in ecosystems that do not have access to light = hydrothermal vents
The feeding levels of an organism and its postion in a food web/chain.
The definition of Primary Productivity
The rate of biomass produced per unit area
What do the arrows in a food web represent
Arrows represent the direction of transfer of energy and biomass
Two ways productivity could be measured in a ocean food web
Measure the increase in biomass
measure the amount of chlorophyll through Satellite imaging