This group is the phylum that both humans and sponges belong to
What is Phylum Chordata?
100
This major structure formed and caused evolution of Agnathans to Gnathostomes
What are JAWS?
100
This living fish retains all four chordate characteristics throughout the duration of their entire lives
What is Amphioxus?
100
List three reasons why fish must swim
What is 1) to obtain food, 2) to escape predators, 3) find mates, 4) acquire habitat, 5) flush gills
100
This term refers to the group of bony fishes
What is Osteichthyes?
200
This group describes the cartilaginous fish
What is Chondrichthyes?
200
This structure is used to allow bony fish to adjust their buoyancy
What is the swim bladder?
200
These fish feed primarily on seaweed, plants, and drifting plant matter in the ocean
What are grazers?
200
This group of organisms have venomous spines are tend to be bottomdwellers
What are rays?
200
These are the two major VERTEBRATE CHARACTERS
What are 1) spinal cord/vertebrae and 2) neural crest cells?
300
This term refers to the dental structure of an extinct group of jawless fishes
What is 'conodont?'
300
In sharks, these fins are used to adjust a shark's level in the water column
What are the pectoral fins?
300
Name two of the three major reasons we believe life began to colonize land:
What is 1) to explore new resources on land, 2) because they were literally chased out by predators and/or 3) having lungs and being able to survive drought conditions was evolutionarily advantageous ?
300
This group of ancient fish is thought to have given rise to both Gnathostomes and modern Agnathans
What are the Ostracoderms?
300
This is the term for the liquid that flows in an open circulatory system
What is Hemolymph?
400
This is the term used to describe all living jawless fishes
What are Cyclostomes?
400
Neural crests cells are found in _________________ and eventually lead two the development of these two things:
What is 'VERTEBRATES" and 1) brain and 2) brain stem?
400
This group is known as the 'ray-finned fishes'
What is Actinopterygii?
400
This type of reproduction is found in most groups of fish
What is ovipary?
400
These are special cells found in fish skin that are irregular and branched
What are chromatophores?
500
This type of coloration is used to disrupt or break up the outline of a fish
What is disruptive coloration?
500
Most bony fishes have little blood and only make blood in these two organs
What is the liver and spleen?
500
The lobe-finned fishes are known as
What is Sarcopterygii?
500
Teleosts have evolved this type of heart
What is a four-chambered heart?
500
This special type of pigment cell contains crystals and acts as a mirror