Vocab
This is a hard, protein based material that makes up the 'teeth' of many molluscs
What is chitin?
These gastropods lack an external shell
What are nudibranchs?
Squid and octopuses all have this many different hearts
What is three?
These echinoderms have greatly shortened spines and are often harvested to sell in gift shops
What are sand dollars?
Echinoderms have a _________________ nervous system
What is 'decentralized?'
This structure is what allows many molluscs to attach themselves to the substrate
What is the muscular foot?
Sea bunnies and sea sheep are examples of this type of organism
What are nudibranchs?
These two types of echinoderms have conspicuous, movable spines
What are sand dollars and sea urchins?
This is how many sea stars reproduce asexually
What is through fragmentation?
This term refers to a knobby protuberance on the shell of gastropods
What is the Umbo?
What is 'haemolymph?'
These echinoderms have very prominent spines and feed on kelp forests
What are Sea Urchins?
The body shape of squid are adapted for this
What is very fast swimming (streamlined body form)?
The body form of octopuses is made for this activity
What is 'walking along the ocean floor?'
This feeding structure, used by some predatory gastropods, is often highly modified to have suckers to stick to prey, spikes to stab prey, etc
What is the proboscis?
These lophophorates dwell in tube-shaped burrows in the sand and have left a good fossil record due to their characteristic burrow shape
What are phoronids?
Name four organisms that belong to Class Bivalvia
What are 1) clams, 2) oysters, 3) mussels, 4) scallops, 5) shipworms?
List the three examples of gastropods
What are 1) sea snails, 2) limpets, 3) nudibranchs, and 4) slugs?
This term refers to the fused head and abdomen region of many crustaceans
What is the cephalothorax?
This term is shared by turtles and marine crustaceans and describes a hard cover on the dorsal side of an organism
What is a carapace?
Briefly explain why scientists see lots of gigantism in Arctic waters (as in sea spiders, whales, squid, etc)
What is 'because colder waters have higher levels of dissolved oxygen and as long as there is a consistent food source, organisms can continue to grow extremely large over very long life spans?'
Briefly explain the difference in body shape of sea stars and brittle stars
What is 'sea stars have a large central disc that is not easily distinguishable from their large, chunky arms; brittle stars have a very prominent central disc that is easy to distinguish from their long, skinny arms?'
The term 'pantopoda' translates to this
What is 'all the feet?'
Briefly explain why most marine invertebrates have very poor, incomplete fossil records
What is 'because organisms made of only soft tissues tend to decompose very quickly therefore it is extremely rare that they will be fossilized?'
Briefly describe the Crinoids AND what scientist was actually an expert on this group
What is 'Crinoids can be found in shallow or deep water, they are suspension/filter feeders, and they can form entire 'meadows' that resemble flower meadows - James Wyville Thomson was a Crinoid expert'?