Vocab
This is the phylum that squid belong to
What is phylum Mollusca?
These gastropods lack an external shell
What are nudibranchs?
These organisms have W-shaped pupils
What are cuttlefish?
These are the actual stinging structures found in Cnidarians
What are nematocysts?
This group of Cnidarians is referred to as the 'true jellies'
What are Scyphozoans?
This secretes the calcium carbonate shell of molluscs
What is the mantle?
Invertebrates make up approximately this percentage of animals on earth
What is 97%?
This is the major difference between the body of the octopus and the body of the squid
What is 'the octopus body is made for walking on the bottom of the ocean; the squid body is more narrow and streamlined and is evolved for fast swimming?'
Corals, sea anemones, jellyfish, and cube jellies all belong to this phylum
What are Cnidaria?
This is the most evolved/intelligent group belonging to Phylum Mollusca
What are Cephalopods?
Certain cephalopods' ink contains this neurotransmitter
What is dopamine?
This is a strong protein that helps provide structural support in sponges
What is spongin?
Squid have this general body structure
What is 'streamlined and made for fast swimming?'
Briefly explain the significance of the term 'coelom'
What is 'a special term for a body cavity that is used only when that body cavity derived/was created from a special type of embryonic tissue called mesoderm - mesoderm is only found in more evolved organisms?'
These are three examples of Gastropods
What are 1) snails, 2) limpets, 3) abalone, 4) Nudibranchs?
This is the definition of deposit-feeding
What is 'a method of feeding in which organisms ingest large amounts of substrate and absorb the organic matter from substrate?'
The two shells of bivalves are held together at this structure
What is the umbo?
These are specialized cells in Poriferans that line interior canals and have flagella to help trap food particles
What are the choanocytes?
These marine worms all have a proboscis that is modified for feeding
What are ribbon worms/Nemerteans?
This organism escapes predators by partially biting off one of its arms and letting it float away from a predator to chase
What is the Vampire Squid from Hell?
Briefly explain why scientists see lots of gigantism in Arctic waters (as in sea spiders, whales, squid, etc)
What is 'because colder waters have higher levels of dissolved oxygen and as long as there is a consistent food source, organisms can continue to grow extremely large over very long life spans?'
Briefly explain the eyes of cephalopods
What are 1) image-forming, 2) can constrict/dilate pupils like camera lenses, 3) mostly colorblind but can detect color, 4) some of the largest eyes in the animal kingdom?
The exoskeletons of arthropods are made up of _______________ and they must go through a process called ____________________ in order to grow
What are 1) chitin, and 2) molting?
Briefly explain why the fossil record is more complete for organisms like sand dollars and bivalves compared to the fossil record for marine worms or jellyfish
What is 'because organisms made of only soft tissues tend to decompose very quickly therefore it is extremely rare that they will be fossilized?'
Briefly explain the evolutionary significance of bilateral symmetry
What is 'bilateral symmetry allows organisms to orient themselves in a specific direction, move in that specific direction, which allows them to seek out prey and avoid predators more successfully with this body plan?'