Vocab
This is the phylum that squid belong to
What is phylum Mollusca?
These molluscs lack an external shell
What are nudibranchs?
These organisms have W-shaped pupils
What are cuttlefish?
These echinoderms have greatly reduced spines and are often harvested to sell in gift shops
What are sand dollars?
Echinoderms have a _________________ nervous system
What is 'decentralized?'
This secretes the calcium carbonate shell of molluscs
What is the mantle?
These organisms are found in shells with up to 30 chambers
What are Nautiluses?
This is the major difference between the body of the octopus and the body of the squid
What is 'the octopus body is wider and more broad and is made for walking on the bottom of the ocean; the squid body is more narrow and streamlined and is evolved for fast swimming?'
These organisms have an endoskeleton but lack a brain/head region
What are echinoderms?
This term refers to a knobby protuberance on the shell of gastropods
What is the Umbo?
This is what protects the outside of cephalopods that lack a shell
What is 'a strong layer of mantle tissue?'
These echinoderms have very prominent spines and can be dangerous if stepped on by humans
What are Sea Urchins?
Squid have this many arms and this many tentacles
What is '8 arms and 2 tentacles?'
Briefly explain the significance of the term 'coelom'
What is 'a special term for a body cavity that is used only when that body cavity derived/was created from a special type of embryonic tissue called mesoderm?'
These are three examples of Gastropods
What are 1) snails, 2) limpets, 3) abalone, 4) Nudibranchs?
This is the definition of deposit-feeding
What is 'a method of feeding in which organisms ingest large amounts of substrate and absorb the organic matter from substrate?'
Name four organisms that belong to Class Bivalvia
What are 1) clams, 2) oysters, 3) mussels, 4) scallops, 5) shipworms?
Organisms from this class of Molluscs have been observed to engage in play behavior and to use tools
What are the cephalopods?
This is the major structural support for sea cucumbers
What are spicules?
The term 'mollis' is latin for this
What is soft?
Briefly explain why scientists see lots of gigantism in Arctic waters (as in sea spiders, whales, squid, etc)
What is 'because colder waters have higher levels of dissolved oxygen and as long as there is a consistent food source, organisms can continue to grow extremely large over very long life spans?'
Briefly explain the nervous system of the octopus
What is 'made up of 9 brains; 1 central brain and 1 decentralized brain in all 8 arms?'
The exoskeletons of arthropods are made up of _______________ and they must go through a process called ____________________ in order to grow
What are 1) chitin, and 2) molting?
Briefly explain why the fossil record is more complete for organisms like sand dollars and bivalves compared to the fossil record for marine worms or jellyfish
What is 'because organisms made of only soft tissues tend to decompose very quickly therefore it is extremely rare that they will be fossilized?'
Briefly describe the eyes of octopuses
What is 'large, image-forming eyes, round pupils that contract and dilate with light levels, and bring all wavelengths of light into focus at the same time?'