Vocabulary
These are classified as 'non cellular infectious agents'
What are viruses?
These two groups are considered to be prokaryotic
What are 1) Archaea and 2) Bacteria?
These viruses are adapted to infect only prokaryotic cells
What are bacteriophages?
These organisms are sometimes referred to as 'pioneers of planet earth'
What are cyanobacteria?
These types of viruses store genetic information in the form of RNA
What are retroviruses?
This process refers to bursting of infected cells
What is lysis?
This term refers to a smaller form of a viruses that carry only RNA as its genetic material and mostly infect plants
What are viroid?
These viruses store their genetic material as DNA and physically insert their genome into the host's DNA
What are lysogenic viruses?
These are formed over billions of years by layers of cyanobacteria
What are stromatolites?
These are the two major components of a virus
What are 1) nucleic acid core and 2) protein capsid?
These organisms are the most important Prokaryotes in the marine environment
What are cyanobacteria (would also accept stromatolites)?
List three photosynthetic pigments used by marine diatoms
What is 1) chlorophyll-a, 2) chlorophyll-c, 3) fucoxanthin, and 4) marinnine?
Stony corals and species of dinoflagellates live together in this type of specific type of ecological relationship
What is mutualism?
List the three major shapes that bacterial cells can take
What are 1) spherical, 2) spiral, and 3) rod-shaped?
These marine microbes contribute to global sand deposits and are responsible for the pink sand beaches found in the Bahamas
What are the foraminiferans?
On the board, write the name of the dinoflagellates that live in symbiosis with reef corals (must spell correctly)
What are 'Zooxanthellae?'
Briefly describe the two major jobs performed by marine bacteria
What are 1) decomposition and 2) primary production?
List the three properties of marinnine that make it promising for medical applications
What is 1) antiviral, 2) antimicrobial, and 3) antioxidant properties?
These two groups of organisms can go through rapid periods of growth called 'algal blooms'
What are 1) diatoms and 2) dinoflagellates?
Briefly explain why the organisms that make up Archaea are sometimes referred to as 'extremophiles' - is this an accurate description - why or why not:
What is 'because they were first discovered in extreme environments and it was originally thought that they could only thrive in these extreme environments - not an accurate description; widely found in all marine habitats?'
List the four major criteria used to classify different viruses
What is 1) form of genetic material, 2) chemistry of protein capsule, 3) replication strategy, and 4) host organism?
These are three illnesses caused in humans by bacteriophages
What is 1) cholera, 2) diphtheria, 3) botulism, and 4) E. coli
This is why stromatolites are significant for understanding geologic history on earth
What is 'because they date back at least 3.5 billion years and are important for understanding the history and evolution of life on earth?
Briefly explain how marine diatoms reproduce
What is 'diatoms reproduce asexually and each generation shrinks and gets progressively smaller until they reproduce sexually and this allows them to return to their full, normal size?'
This is how scientists first learned to distinguish bacteria and archaea
What is 'by analyzing the biochemistry of their cell walls?'