Chapter 6
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
Active transport uses energy to pass molecules through carrier proteins and moves ions that are large and polar.
What color of light wave penetrates the ocean the deepest?
Blue light
What fertilization strategy has low parental care?
R-Strategists
How can agricultural runoff cause dead zones?
It rain and the runoff from organic waste can find itself in the ocean or rivers. This can cause an increased turbidity, causing phytoplankton to die, and then bacteria to consume them. Bacteria reduce oxygen and can lead to dead zones.
Where does anaerobic and aerobic respiration occur?
Anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm while aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
Name three accessory pigments.
- Chlorophyll B
- Carotenoids
- Xanthophyll
- Fucoxanthin
- Phycobilins
Why is Benthic Trawling a very harmful fishing method?
- Up to 90% bycatch
- Stirs up sediments from seabed
- Destroys coral reefs
What are the types of desalination plants? (2)
- Distillation
- Reverse Osmosis
What is the formula for Magnification of an image?
M = I/A
M = Magnification
I = Image length
A = Actual size
What is the purpose of the light-independent stage (Calvin Cycle) of photosynthesis?
- To fix carbon dioxide using the enzyme rubisco and the ATP reduced NADP formed during the light-dependent stage.
Recruitment: The number of juvenile fish surviving to join the population.
What is dredging?
Dredging: The physical removal of sediment from the bottom of bodies of water. It is used to maintain shipping routes or harvested for sand or minerals.
What are the factors that affect diffusion? (4 primary)
- Concentration gradient
- Distance
- Surface Area
What relationship does Rifta have with Endorifta?
Rifta has a mutualistic symbotic relationship with endorifta.
What are the benefits and limitations of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)?
Benefits:
- Allows fish populations to recover
- Supports breeding and juvenile growth
- Reduces bycatch and habitat damage
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Limitations:
- Loss of income for local fishers
- Expensive to monitor
- May shift overfishing to other areas
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
Bioaccumulation: Toxins that build up in organisms over time (not excreted from the body).
Biomagnification: Toxin concentration that increases at each trophic level of the food chain.
What is osmosis?
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane that occurs from high to low water potential.
What is the formula for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water
What is the formula for catch per unit effort and what does it measure?
CUPE = fish catch/fishing effort
- Measures how much effort is required to catch a certain number of fish. It is used as an indicator of stock abundance.
Why does excess carbon in the atmosphere harm coral?
Carbon in the atmosphere becomes at equilibrium with the water to create carbonic acid. Carbonic acid denigrates the calcium carbonate exterior of the coral and can cause coral bleaching.