Vocab
Variables prevented from affecting an experiment.
What is controlled?
Equipment that allows breathing underwater from tanks of compressed air.
What is scuba?
This sea and adjacent seas were the start of many marine discoveries by Pacific Islanders, the Phoenicians, and Ancient Greeks.
What is the Mediterranean sea?
Scientific knowledge is ultimately traced to these.
What are observations?
These factors might affect observations and can be manipulated.
What are variables?
A hypothesis that can be tested scientifically.
What is testable?
Collecting data through the use of satellites.
What is remote sensing?
The first scientist credited with documenting that sea floor life varies with depth.
Who is Edward Forbes?
Reasoning from general principles to specific conclusions.
Deduction
This expedition made collections of marine organisms around the world.
What is the Challenger expedition?
A comprehensive explanation of a phenomenon that is backed up by considerable evidence.
What is scientific theory?
Used to map seafloor depths and formations.
What is sonar?
Sailed on the HMS Beagle for five years with the goal of mapping coastlines, but made detailed observations of the organisms he observed. This eventually led the way to the principle of natural selection and evolution.
Who is Charles Darwin?
Reasoning from specific observations to a general conclusion.
Induction
To understand complex interactions among many factors, scientists often use these to predict outcomes.
What are models?
A hypothesis generated from observation used in hypothesis testing.
What is alternative hypothesis?
Allows for direct exploration of the marine environment when scuba is not an option.
What are remotely operated vehicles (ROVs)?
Him and his crew were the first Europeans to view the Antarctic ice fields, and land on Hawaii, Tahiti, and many other Pacific islands.
Who is Captain James Cook?
Cannot make judgments about ethics, values, and morality.
What is a limiting factor of science?
Sonar is based on this area of research.
What is seisomology
A statement that might be true.
What is hypothesis?
One tool that scientists have been using to study the ocean’s surface because of its ability to view large areas at a time because they are so far away.
What is satellite technology?
Often named after himself, this early naturalist promoted himself to Captain on the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838-1842.
Who is Lt. Charles Wilkes?
"Wilkes Expedition"
A marine biologist observes that mako sharks, sardines, and salmon leap out of the water. An ex‐ ample of induction from these observations is:
What is all fishes leap out of the water.
This is when a hypothesis can be accepted as absolutely 100% true?
What is never?