Ocean Exploration & Formation
Plate Tectonics & Topography
Ocean Zones 1
Ocean Zones 2
Ocean Zones 3/Light in the Deep Ocean
100
What does SCUBA stand for and who invented it?
Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus; invented by Jacques Cousteau
100
What is the difference between the continental shelf and the continental slope? (Which is a gentle slope and which is a steep slope?)
Continental Shelf – gentle sloping of the continent as it goes underwater – biologically richest part of the ocean
Continental Slope – steep slope of the continent - drop off
100
What are the three ways that the ocean is divided into zones?
Light availability zones
Horizontal zones - go from the shore out to the sea
Vertical zones - go from the surface down to the deepest parts of the ocean
100
What are the 4 sense adaptations that ocean animals use?
eyes
lateral line
hearing
echolocation
100
How does fish body shape affect speed?
A more streamlined, narrow, and compact body shape with a high narrow tail allows a fish to have a higher swim-speed.
200
How does SONAR work?
SONAR uses echo sounding to determine the depth of the ocean floor
200
What is the flat part of the ocean floor called?
Abyssal plains
200
What is necessary for plants to be found within a zone?
light
200
Name the five pelagic zones from top to bottom.
200
What is the order of colors on the light spectrum?
ROYGBIV - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
Red is low energy and blue/violet is high energy
300
What is the difference between ROVs and AUVs?
ROVs - remotely operated vehicles; tethered and remotely controlled by an individual
AUVs - autonomous underwater vehicles; untethered and pre-programmed; no operator
300
What is the mountain range in the middle of the ocean floor called?
Mid-Ocean Ridge
300
How is the benthic zone described?
- low oxygenation of water
- low temperatures
- animals here feed on detritus or other animals
- little or no plant life (depending on depth of water)
300
What is a lateral line?
A remote sensing system that picks up vibrations used to detect groupmates and predators
300
Which light color is absorbed first as light travels through the water column?
Red
400
How did ancient ships map the ocean, currents, and tides?
mostly by studying the stars
400
What is the deepest part of the ocean called?
Trench
400
How is the neritic zone described?
- well oxygenated water
- low water pressure
- stable temperature and salinity levels
- home to photosynthetic life: phytoplankton and sargassum
400
What are the coloration/camouflage adaptations that ocean animals use?
Transparency
Countershading
Silvery side
Irregular patterns & lines
400
Which light color travels the farthest in the ocean?
Blue
500
How does echolocation work?
It is a remote sensing system that uses echoes.
Animals can emit sound waves that bounce off objects around them; the returning echo allows the animals to locate and identify objects or other organisms around them.
500
What is a seamount?
An isolated mountain (away from the ridge) that does not reach the surface.
500
What are the adaptations that organisms use to stay afloat in the pelagic zone?
small size - more surface area per unit volume = slower sinking rate
shape - parachute or flat shape
increased buoyancy - storage of more oils or fats
Gas - plankton have gas filled floats & fish have swim bladders to regulate the amount of gas in their bodies
500
What is countershading?
Dark top & light bottom; appears dark when looking down from the top and light when looking up from the bottom
500
Why are organisms in the deep ocean able to be unseen when they are red?
Red wavelength of the light spectrum is unable to penetrate into the deep ocean waters.
Red coloration would make the organism "disappear" because no red wavelengths are present.