Seaweed
Gas-filled bladders that help maximize the exposure of seaweed blades to sunlight are known as:
Pneumatocysts
Which term is used to describe salt tolerant plants?
Halophytes
The phrase alternation of generations is used to describe organisms that have:
a life history with two generations, a sporophyte and a gametophyte
Which statement about seaweeds and flowering plants found in marine environments is false:
They are all primary producers
They are all eukaryotes
They are all unicellular
They all contain chlorophyll a
3. They are all unicellular
Which type of algae is Giant Kelp?
Brown
Which one of these is NOT a flowering plant?
Turtle grass
Spartina
Kelp
Red mangroves
3. Kelp
A diploid (2n) organism is one that has
Two sets of chromosomes
The Sunderbans in Bangladesh contain the world’s largest forest of which plant?
Mangroves
Why is giant kelp ecologically/economically important?
Ecologically - source of food for marine invertebrates, habitat for marine mammals, sequesters CO2
Economically - source of Algin, Stabilizer and emulsifier of ice cream and cheese, Prevents baked goods and frostings from drying out, Shampoo, shaving cream, plastics, rubbers, paper, paints, cosmetics, clothing ink
The horizontal stem of seagrasses that commonly grow beneath the sediment and aid in asexual reproduction are called:
Rhizomes
As temperatures increase globally, how will regions where red mangroves are distributed change? Explain your reasoning.
Since red mangrove is currently restricted by frost, its range should extend more north and south from its current zone in the tropics/subtropics, as these areas see fewer freezing-events
What does it mean to be a "primary producer"?
Organism capable of photosynthesis, makes its own food
What are the basic characteristics of seaweed?
Multicelluar, eukaryote
Most are primary producers with the ability to photosynthesize
A body (thallus) which can have a stipe (stem-like structure), blades (leaf like structures), pneumatocysts (air-filled sacks), and a holdfast (root like structure)
Seaweeds absorb their nutrients from the water around them, not through roots
Cordgrasses (Spartina) can easily tolerate being completely submerged underwater
True
False
False
Why is Spartina ecologically/economically important?
Economically - protects coastlines, filters water, creates habitat for recreation
Ecologically - habitat for fish nurseries, prevents erosion, high primary productivity, detritus feeds bottom dwellers
Primary producers that produce pollen are called:
a) seaweed
b) flowering plants
c) mosses
b) flowering plants
Describe the two types of reproduction in seaweed.
Vegetative - asexual reproduction from parts breaking off and growing into new organisms
Sexual - a diploid sporophyte produces haploid spores. These spores grow into a haploid gametophyte, which produces gametes (eggs or sperm). These gametes fuse through fertilization to become a diploid zygote. This zygote grows into the multicellular sporophyte
Which type of flowering plant is known for its peg roots?
Mangroves
Only a few flowering plants have invaded the ocean, but those that have are very successful. List and explain 3 adaptations that marine flowering plants have.
- rhizomes to grow under sediment
- peg roots/pneumatathodes for stability
- rough leaves to prevent tearing by waves
- salt tolerance to absorb water within salt water
- Deep roots to prevent washing away
True seagrasses like Eelgrass, turtle grass, and manatee grass are the only flowering plants that can survive being completely submerged under salt water
True
False
True