Rocks and Minerals
A rock formed from the weathering, erosion, depostion, and compaction of other rocks, plant/animal remains.
What is a Sedimentary rock?
The plate boundary where plates are moving against each other in opposite directions.
What is a transform (strike-slip) fault?
rocks derived from organisms, (coquina, limestone)
What are Biogenous rocks?
What is the average pH of surface seawater?
8.1!
Over the last 11,500 years, what has systematically risen first: CO2 concentration in the atmosphere or global temperatures?
Atmospheric CO2 concentration increased before global temps
What is the difference between a mineral and a rock?
Rocks are aggregates of minerals.
TheW circulation pattern where cold, dense material sinks thereby circulating around giving rise to warm, less dense material.
What is Mantle convection?
The process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge.
What is Sea floor spreading?
what is average seawater salinity.
35ppt!
The band of atmospheric convection generally around Earth's equatorial region.
What is the ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone)
Name three of the five characteristics of a mineral.
- Naturally occurring
- Solid Substance
- Inorganic
- Specific Chemical Structure
- Atomic 3D Arrangement
What is the core made of?
Inner core- liquid iron(30.8%)/ Outer core- solid iron (1.7%)
large fan-shaped sedimentary deposits on the continental rise and abyss, which are located proximal to continental margins.Submarine fans
What are Submarine fans?
The total amount of solid material dissolved in water (gases and salts)
What Is salinity?
Name the 4 layers of the atmosphere.
1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere
rocks that have clear banding patterns.
What are foliated rocks?
What are the two main elements that make up earth crust?
Oxygen (46%), Silicon(28%)
Who developed the concept of seafloor spreading?
Harry Hess in 1962
Name two factors that impact salinity.
Hydrologic cycle = Precipitation, Evaporation, Glacial melting, Freshwater runoff
The proportion of light or radiation that is reflected by the Earth
What is albedo?
A mineral with the same chemical composition but different structure. ( diamond and graphite) (Calcite and aragonite)
What is a Polymorph?
The balance or equilibrium of adjacent blocks of brittle lithosphere "floating" on the asthenosphere.
What is Isostasy?
the measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor.
What is Bathymetry?
Process that describes the speed and direction of flow of water at the upper most ocean at various depths.
What is the Eckman's Spiral?
The materials that have preserved a unique signature of climate conditions through time.
What is a paleoclimate proxy?