Early Theory & Practice
A series of connected hypothetical statements designed to explain behaviors, these guide us in making sense of complex information
What is a theory?
He was prominent in the 1930's & '40's as an advocate for Train-and-Factor Theory, which was developed in response to lost jobs during the Great Depression.
Who was E. G. Williamson?
These theories focus on biological, sociological, and cultural factors that influence career choice, career adjustments, and withdrawal from careers
What are developmental theories?
Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
What is Gottfredson's theory called?
These are the founders of Learning Theory of Career Counseling (LTCC).
Who are John Krumboltz, Lynda Mitchell, and G. Brian Jones?
These explain vocational behavior and help us understand how people make career choices, work adjustments, and life span career progress.
What are theories of Career Development?
An individual's personality is the primary factor in vocational choice;
Interest inventories are in fact personality inventories;
People develop stereotypical views of occupations that have psychological relevance and may not be accurate, but play a major role in occupational choice
What are the major assumptions of John Holland's Person-Environment Fit Theory?
The hallmark of this theory posits that vocational development is a process of making several decisions, which culminate in choices that represent an implementation of one's self-concept. This theory refers to "Ages and Stages"
What is Super's Life-Span, Life-Space Theory?
This theory asked, "Why do children tend to recreate the social order of their elders, including gender and social class differences in employment, even before they enter the labor market?"
What is Gottfredon's theory of Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation?
Career counselors use this instrument to identify problematic beliefs hindering the career development process.
What is the Career Beliefs Inventory (CBI)?
This is a formal relationship where a professional counselor assists a client or group of clients to cope more effectively with career concerns (making a career choice, coping with career transitions or job-related stress, and job searching).
What is Career Counseling?
Realistic
Investigative
Artistic
Social
Enterprising
Conventional
What are Holland's 6 types of people?
These people developed an early developmental theory which stated that career choice is a developmental process, not a single decision and includes 3 stages: Fantasy (birth-age 11), Tentative (11-17), and Realistic (17-early 20's)
Career choice is developmental;
Career development begins in childhood;
Occupational aspirations reflect efforts to implement self-concept;
Satisfaction depends on how well career choice fits self-concept
What are the shared assumptions of Gottfredson's theory of Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation?
1. help clients acquire more accurate self-observations generalizations;
2. acquire more accurate worldview generalizations
3. learn new task approach skills
4. take appropriate career-related actions
What are the roles of counselors who work with clients from an LTCC approach?
This theory evaluates individuals' strengths and weaknesses with the main purpose of finding a job to match their ability and achievements.
What is Frank Parsons' early 1900's Trait-and-Factor Theory?
No Choice, Uncertain Choice, Unwise Choice, and Discrepancy Between Interests and Aptitudes catagories
What are Williamson's 4 categories of decision-making problems?
Growth, Exploration, Establishment, Maintenance, Disengagement, & Recycling
What are Super's 6 Vocational Development Tasks?
Vocational choice is a process of eliminating options and narrowing choices.
What is the focal point of Gottfredson's theory of Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation?
"The creating and transforming of unplanned events into opportunities for learning; they are inevitable and desirable
What is Planned Happenstance?
Establish a relationship,
Assess client's career concerns,
Establish goals for career counseling relationship,
Intervene in ways that help client cope more effectively,
& Evaluate progress
What are the 5 steps in a general career counseling model?
A match between personality and environment type
(Ex. Counselors have "social" in their type)
What is congruence?
This is the constellation of roles enacted by an individual; includes son/daughter, student, leisurite, citizen, worker, homemaker/partner
What is Super's Life Space?
The process by which unacceptable alternatives are eliminated.
What is circumscription?
Genetic endowment & special abilities;
Environmental conditions & events;
Learning experiences;
Task approach skills
What are Krumboltz's 4 factors influencing career paths in LTCC?