Founding
The Maryland colony was named in honor of this royal figure, the wife of King Charles I.
Who is Queen Henrietta Maria?
Hot and humid with very high temperatures
What is Maryland's summer climate?
This labor-intensive cash crop served as the primary economic engine and currency of early Colonial Maryland.
What is tobacco?
Seeking refuge for English Catholics, the Calverts named their first settlement, St. Mary’s City, after this biblical figure.
Who is the Virgin Mary?
The Toleration Act was a calculated political move by Cecil Calvert to protect Catholics after this bloody conflict broke out back home in England.
What is the English Civil War?
This first Lord Baltimore died shortly before King Charles I signed the charter, leaving his son Cecil to actually establish the colony.
Who was George Calvert?
Cold and rainy, with temperatures at the low and middle 20 F°
What is Maryland's winter climate?
To work the large agricultural fields, the colony relied heavily on these workers who signed contracts to trade several years of labor for passage to America.
Who are indentured servants?
Catholicism, which is a denomination of Christianity
What was Maryland's most common religion?
Under the 1649 law, using this specific religious term as a derogatory insult or slur toward a neighbor could result in a hefty financial fine.
What is "Heretic" (or "Papist", "Puritan", "Roundhead")?
To serve as a safe haven for persecuted Roman Catholics from England and to generate economic profit for the Calvert family.
Why was Maryland founded?
Maryland is bordered to the south and west by this major southern neighbor across the Potomac River.
What is Virginia?
Agricultural labor, involving planting and harvesting
What was the most common job in colonial Maryland?
Passed in 1649, this landmark act guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians living in Maryland.
What is the Maryland Act of Religious Toleration?
Maryland was classified as this specific type of colony—meaning it was owned and governed by an individual or family rather than the direct rule of the Crown.
What is a proprietary colony? [1]
This man was the first governor of the colony of Maryland; the brother of Cecil Calvert
Who was Leonard Calvert?
The colonists first reached this island which is on the west side of Maryland’s shore.
Where is St. Clement’s island?
Unlike most colonies whose paper money was unbacked, Maryland's colonial paper currency issued after 1747 was famously stable because it was backed by a guaranteed fund held in this foreign financial institution.
What is the Bank of England?
Although founded as a safe haven for Catholics, this other Christian group quickly grew in number and eventually challenged Catholic political control in the colony.
Who are the Puritans?
People have the freedom and responsibility to govern themselves; how Maryland was governed
What is self-government?
The son of George Calvert, who came up with the idea of the Maryland colony
Who is Cecil Calvert?
This massive, nutrient-rich estuary split Maryland into its Western and Eastern Shores, shaping the colony's maritime trade.
What is Chesapeake Bay?
To prevent economic ruin from a flooded market, early Maryland laws required every farmer to plant a mandatory quota of this food crop, forcing land and labor away from pure tobacco monoculture.
These two ships famously transported the original group of Catholic and Protestant settlers to Maryland shores in 1634.
What are the Ark and the Dove?
Leonard, the governor, passed a law guaranteeing this.
What is religious freedom, but only for the Christians?