Definitions
This term refers to the downslope movement of soil, rock, and debris due to gravity
Mass Wasting
This primary force, acting on all materials on Earth, is responsible for driving most types of mass wasting events by pulling them downslope.
Gravity
This natural feature helps to prevent erosion and stabilize slopes by anchoring soil with its root systems
Vegatation
This type of mass wasting involves the rapid downward movement of snow and ice, often triggered by a disturbance like an earthquake or a loud noise, two types wet and dry(airy/fast)
Avalanche
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This slow, gradual downslope movement of soil and rock is often caused by freeze-thaw cycles or alternating wet and dry conditions
Creep
This external force can trigger slope failure by shaking loose material and altering the stability of a slope, especially in seismically active regions.
Earthquake
This technique involves digging drainage ditches and installing pipes to reduce the amount of water that accumulates on a slope, helping to prevent landslides
Drainage
This fast-moving mass wasting event involves water-saturated soil and debris flowing down a slope, often triggered by heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt
Mudflow/Debris Flow
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This term refers to the condition where the forces acting to move material downslope are balanced by the forces resisting that movement
Slope Stability
This natural process, involving the breaking down of rocks and minerals due to temperature fluctuations, can weaken a slope's materials, making them more susceptible to movement
Weathering
This structure, often a large concrete wall, is used to hold back soil or debris, providing protection to roads or buildings at the base of a slope
Retaining Wall
This type of mass wasting occurs beneath the ocean, involving the sliding or flowing of sediments and rock along the ocean floor, often triggered by earthquakes or volcanic activity
Submarine Mass Wasting
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This technique uses data from various sources like topography, soil composition, and rainfall to predict areas where slope failure might occur
Computer Modeling
This type of mass wasting can occur when slopes are oversteepened by natural forces, construction, or erosion, making them more likely to fail.
Oversteeping
These steel rods are drilled into a slope to physically anchor the material and prevent landslides, often used in rockfall-prone areas
Bolts/Nails
The slow, downhill movement of waterlogged soil, often observed in colder regions (Tundra's), is characterized by the gradual creeping of soil over an extended period of time
Soilfluction
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This factor significantly contributes to the triggering of landslides and other forms of mass wasting by adding weight to the slope, reducing cohesion, and increasing pore pressure within the material
Water
This term refers to layers or fractures in rock, such as bedding planes or fault lines, which can make a slope more susceptible to failure
Planes of weakness
This technique involves placing large, loose stones at the base of a slope to absorb the energy of falling debris and reduce erosion from crashing waves
Rip Rap
This type of slope failure involves a backward rotation of a mass of soil or rock, often occurring when the base of the slope is undercut, leading to a concave failure surface
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Slumping
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