Hydrotherapy
Contraindications for Hydrotherapy:
Some cancers, Infection (systemic/local), skin conditions that can spread, peripheral neuropathies, high/low blood pressure, inflammation, lacerations, MS, Diabetes, Pregnancy (no prolonged immersion above 102), Alcohol, Raynauds Disease, Joint Replacement (watch for metal in the body as it's a conductor)
Secondary Effects of COLD Hydrotherapy
Dilation of blood vessels (vasodilation), Increases blood in capillaries, Hyperemia (increased O2/blood to tissues), decreased respiration rate, decreased blood pressure + pulse
Order of hamstring muscles superficial to deep
Biceps femoris long head: (lateral side, superficial)
Semitendinosus: (medial side-superficial)
Semimembranosus: (medial side, deep)
Biceps femoris short head: (lateral side, deep)
The infraspinatus is a synergist with the ___ in lateral/external rotation of the shoulder.
Teres Minor
Hip extension is accomplished by what muscles?
Glute Max and the hamstrings
3 classes of conditions that hydrotherapy can treat:
Congestion: local accumulation of unwanted fluid. Ex: Subacute inflammation.
Spasm: Muscle spasms (long lasting spasms)
Degeneration: Lack of tone/lassitude
Primary Effects of HOT Hydrotherapy
Vasodilation, increased body temp, increased pulse rate, increased respiration rate, decreases blood pressure, increases oxygen (hyperemia)
Hamstrings medial to lateral:
semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris
subscap: lesser tubercle of the humerus
supra, infra, teres minor: greater tubercle of the humerus
Muscles of the pelvis and thigh that originate on the pubic bone:
All the adductors: adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, Gracilis.
Temperature guidelines for COLD Hydrotherapy:
Freezing point: 32 degrees (can burn skin)
Cold Bath: 40-65 degrees
Avg Skin Temp: 92-93
Normal Body Temp: 98.6
Neutral Bath: 93-100
Secondary Effects of Hot Hydrotherapy
Muscle rlxn, increases blood in capillaries, hyperemia
Hamstring antagonist + O,I, A:
Antagonists: Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis.
Biceps Femoris- O:LH -Ischial Tuberosity SH-Lat lip of linea aspera. I: Head of fibula. A: Flex Knee, lat rot of flexed knee, LH- extend hip/lat rot hip.
Semitendinosus: O: Ischial Tuberosity. I: Prox, med shaft of tibia @pes ansurinus. A: Flex knee, med rot of flexed knee, extend hip, med rot hip
Semimebranosus: O: Ischial Tuberosity. I: Post aspect of med condyle of tibia. A: Flex knee, med rot of knee, ext hip, med rot hip
The muscle that carries out an action is called the prime mover, while the muscles that support the prime mover are called synergists. T/F?
True
Flexors of the hip
Psoas major, iliacus, TFL, sartorius, rectus femoris, glute med (anterior fibers), glute min, sartorius, adductors assist
Temperature Guidelines for HOT Hydrotherapy:
Blood Temp: 100 degrees
Max safe water temp: 115
Max safe steam temp: 140
Max safe sauna temp: 212
Boiling Point: 212
Indications of Cold Hydrotherapy
Mechanical trauma (sprain/strain, injury, etc), inflammation, muscle spasm, pain, spasticity
Erector spinae group medial to lateral
Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis
Which muscles of the pelvis and thigh insert at the pes anserinus tendon?
Semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius
Extensors of the hip
glute max, glute med (posterior fibers), biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus
Primary Effects of COLD Hydrotherapy
Constriction of blood vessels (vasoconstriction), Reduces blood flow, Ischemia (lack of O2 or blood supply to tissues), increases respiration rate, increases blood pressure + pulse, increases muscle tone
Indications for Hot Hydrotherapy
Relief from muscle spasms, relief from joint stiffness, reflexive passive dilation of blood vessels in corresponding organs
Flexion and extension occur in what plane?
sagital
Which of the muscles inserts on the head of the fibula?
Biceps Femoris
Medial rotators of the hip
Glute med anterior fibers, Glute min, TFL, adductors