Ecology
In Maryland, where does most of our surface water flow/end up?
The Chesapeake Bay (pg 39)
What type of tissue are the Xylem and Phloem? What are they responsible for transporting?
Phloem and Xylem are vascular tissues. The phloem is responsible for transporting sugars. The xylem is responsible for transporting water. (pg 76)
Do dragonflies undergo a complete metamorphosis?
No. Dragonflies undergo incomplete or gradual metamorphosis, which means they skip the pupal stage seen in butterflies and moths. Instead, they have three life stages: egg, nymph (larva), and adult. (pg 164)
What is the first thing you should do when preparing a new area for a garden?
Perform a standard soil test
List three symptoms of plant disease
Defoliation, stunting, & wilting (pg 189)
What would the conditions of a north-facing slope be? And why?
A north-facing slope would be cooler due to less sunlight and more shade. (pg 43)
What is the main difference between dioecious and monoecious plants?
Monoecious plants have separate male and female flowers on the same plant. In contrast, in dioecious plants, the male and female parts are located on different plants. (pg 80)
If you notice eaten or chewed leaves on a deciduous shrub, what insects could be the possible cause?
Caterpillars, sawflies, or beetles (pg 164 - 166)
What would you apply to soil that has a low pH and is low in magnesium?
Dolomitic limestone (pg 113-114)
List three things that can contribute to Abiotic plant diseases.
Unfavorable growing conditions, mineral deficiencies, and air pollution (pg245)
How are pines, oaks, and grasses pollinated?
Wind (pg 45)
What are some of the things Vascular tissue transports? And in what parts of the plant can they be found?
Vascular tissue transports water, food, nutrients, and hormones. Vascular tissue can be found in a plant's stems, roots, and leaves. (pg 74-76)
Insects in the order Hemiptera are defined by having piercing-sucking mouthparts. Which of the following insects are not part of Hemiptera?
Stink bugs, thrips, aphids, and plant hoppers
Thrips. Thrips are in the Thysanoptera order. Insects in the order Hemiptera are known for their piercing-sucking mouthparts. Thrips have asymmetrical mouthparts, with a single, left mandible and modified maxillary stylets that form a tube, used for piercing and sucking plant sap. (pg 164- 167)
True or false? High clay soil warms up more slowly than sandy soils in the spring. Explain why.
True. High clay soil warms up more slowly than sandy soils in the spring because of the clay's dense habit, which makes penetration much harder. This means that clay-based soils require more energy to heat up. On the flip side, sand is much more porous, so the temperature can change much faster. I think of insulation, the more layers, the longer the temperature is held onto. (pg 105)
Where do Fungi get sustenance from?
Other living organisms (pg 191)
DAILY DOUBLE
Water that moves below the earth’s surface through soil pores and cracks is called?
Which one of these do living plant cells not contain? Cell walls, centrioles, chloroplasts, & mitochondria
Centrioles. Centrioles can only be found in animal cells. They are tubular structures that can be found in the cytoplasm and play a vital role in cell division.
Ants and bees are part of this order; it is the most advanced order and most beneficial to humans.
Hymenoptera (pg 169-170)
Which type of soil carries negative charges and holds positively charged potassium and calcium ions?
Clay and humus (pg 100)
DAILY DOUBLE
How do bacteria reproduce?
Define succession in ecological terms.
Succession is the change in species composition over time within a community (pg 47)
Name three major parts of a female flower.
Sigma, style, and ovary (pg 80)
Defining characteristics of the order Diptera are
Mouthparts of the adults may be sucking, piercing-sucking, cutting-sponging, or sponging. They have large compound eyes and the antennae are variable. One pair of flight wings and a pair of modified hind wings called halteres. (pg 162-163)
A bag of 4-2-2 dried poultry manure contains (by weight)
4% nitrogen, 2% phosphate, and 2% potash (pg 116)
Define/clarify the difference between a sign and a symptom.
Symptoms are visible reactions of a plant to a disease. Symptoms may contain a causative agent. Some examples would be leaf wilt, abnormal coloration, and defoliation.
Signs are the visible parts of the pathogen or its products seen on the host (plant), which can be used to identify the pathogen. Examples of a sign would be mushrooms growing on trees, white fungus coating a leaf, and droplets of bacterial ooze on a fruit tree twig. (pg 189)