MATTER
What is Matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Compound
is a pure substance that is made up of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined. Ex. water
What is Mechanical Mixture
the different substances that make up the mixture are visible. We call this a heterogeneous mixture. Ex. Concrete mix
States of Matter / Phases of Matter?
Solid
Shape – definite, has a fixed shape
Volume – definite, has a fixed volume
Liquid
Shape – indefinite, takes the shape of its container
Volume - definite, has a fixed volume
Gas
Shape - indefinite, takes the shape of its container
Volume – indefinite, fills the entire container
What is Viscosity?
how a liquid flows, the thicker the more viscous
Example: maple syrup is more viscous than water
Mass
is the measure of the amount of substance in an object. Usually measured in kilograms or grams.
Mixtures
Mixtures are combinations of pure substances. They do not have to combine chemically. Each substance can remain in it’s original form, like as seen in a pizza. You can see each component in there.
What is Physical Property?
A physical property is a characteristic or description of a substance that may help to identify it. This characteristic can be observed or measured.
Other Physical Properties
Hardness – a measure of a solids resistance to being scratched or dented
Example: diamond is hard, chalk is soft
Malleability – a measure of a solids ability to be hammered or bent into different shapes
Example: aluminium is malleable,
glass is brittle
Ductility - a measure of a solids ability to be pulled into wires
Example: Copper is ductile, coal is not
density?
the amount of matter per unit volume
Example: lead is denser than feathers; density of water is 1.00 g/cm3
Volume
is a measure of how much space an object occupies. Usually measured in litres or millilitres
How many type of mixture are there?
There are 3 types of mixtures: solutions, suspensions and mechanical mixtures.
Qualitative Observation
•An observed property is called a qualitative observation.
What is Melting and Boiling Points?
the temperature at which substances change states
Example: m.p. of water is 0°C;
b.p. of water is 100°C
what is pure substances
made up of only one type of particle. It can be broken into 2 types.
what is Solution?
One substance is dissolved in another, creating a homogeneous mixture. (You can’t clearly see the parts) Ex. Gatorade powder dissolved in water.
What is a Quantitative Observation?
•A measured property is called a quantitative observation.
Crystal Form?
many minerals form characteristic structures
Example: salt is cubic, plastic has no crystal form
Element
an element made up of one type of particle that cannot be broken down into any simpler substance. Ex. Gold
What is Solution?
tiny particles of one substance are held within another to create a cloudy mixture. Ex. Dirt in water.
Properties identified by the senses
•Colour
•Texture – rough or smooth
•Odour – type of smell, sweet or sour
•Lustre – Dull or shine
•Clarity – transparent, translucent
or Opaque
•Taste – bitter or sweet
Solubility?
the ability of a solid to dissolve in a solvent (like water)
Example: salt is soluble in water, iron is not soluble