Maternal and child undernutrition
Three forms of undernutrition
What is stunting, wasting and micronutrient deficiencies? (Black et al., 2008)
Insufficient supply of essential vitamins and minerals required for optimal functioning
What is micronutrient deficiency? (Black et al., 2008)
Low height-for-age
What is stunting? (Black et al., 2008)
Low weight-for-height
What is wasting? (Black et al., 2008)
59 million children and 27 million children suffer from these two forms of undernutrition in South Asia
What is stunting and wasting? (Torlesse & Aguayo, 2018)
Maternal nutrition and complementary feeding
What are two major contributors of child nutritional status? (UNICEF, 2021)
Leading cause of anemia in women and children <5 in South Asia
What is iron deficiency? (Harding et al., 2017)
Region with the highest rate of stunting in the world
What is South Asia? (Wali et al., 2019)
Another term for severe wasting
What is severe acute malnutrition? (Mutunga et al., 2020)
South Asian country with the highest zinc deficiencies in found children
What is Sri Lanka? (Harding et al., 2017)
Anemia, pre-eclampsia, hemorrhage, low birth weight babies, mortality
What are the risks of maternal undernutrition? (UNICEF, 2021)
Four most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies in South Asia
What is iodine, iron, vitamin A, and zinc? (Harding et al., 2017)
Poor public services, poverty, low education levels, and gender inequality
What are the underlying factors contributing to a disproportionate burden of stunting in South Asia? (Wali et al., 2020)
Maternal BMI, education, socioeconomic status, and access to water sanitation and hygiene services
What are the underlying factors contributing to wasting in South Asia? (Wali et al., 2021)
Two South Asian countries that have made substantial progress in reducing the rate of Vitamin A deficiencies among children
What is Sri Lanka and the Maldives (Harding et al., 2017)
Impaired visual and neuronal development, reduced mental capacity, and increased risk of chronic disease and mortality
What are the long-term impacts of undernutrition in childhood? (Martins et al., 2011)
South Asia is the leading region with children suffering from this micronutrient deficiency
What is vitamin A deficiency? (Harding et al., 2017)
Poor school performance in children and low productivity in adulthood
What are cognitive consequences of stunting in early childhood? (Wali et al., 2020)
High prevalence of wasting at birth and early life, prolonged periods of wasting in children <2, high prevalence of concurrent wasting, and stunting
What are the unique characteristics of wasting in South Asia compared to other regions? (Wali et al., 2021)
Three countries with the highest disability adjusted life years (DALYs) resulting from child undernutrition
What is India, Bangladesh and Pakistan? (Wali et al., 2019)
Term that describes the high levels of undernutrition despite consistent economic growth in South Asia
What is the South Asia paradox/enigma? (Wali et al., 2019)
Increases risk of poor motor and cognitive development in the fetus, miscarriage and fetal growth restriction
What are the consequences of an iodine deficiency? (Black et al., 2008)
Long term consequence of stunting associated with a higher risk of cesarean delivery
What is maternal short stature (Torlesse & Aguayo, 2018)
Wasting in children 0-23 months is above the emergency threshold (prevalence above 15%) in all South Asian countries except for one
What is the Maldives? (Wali et al., 2021)
Nearly 50% of all stunted children live in these three South Asian countries combined
What is India, Bangladesh and Pakistan? (Krishna et al., 2018)