🍼 Infants (0–12 mo)
At what age do most infants double their birth weight?
6 mo
When does the anterior fontanel typically close?
18 mo
Average yearly weight gain for a preschooler?
4-5lbs
Average yearly height increase?
2.5in
What major physical change marks the beginning of adolescence?
The onset of puberty, leading to rapid growth and sexual maturation.
What position should infants always be placed in for sleep to prevent SIDS?
On their back
Define “parallel play.”
Toddlers play beside but not directly with others
What type of play is typical at this stage?
Associative or cooperative play
What type of play dominates at this stage?
collaborative or team based
Why are peer groups so influential in adolescence?
They shape identity, values, and behaviors
When do the first primary teeth usually erupt?
6-8 mo
Name two signs of readiness for toilet training.
Stays dry for 2+ hours, follows simple instructions, recognizes need to go
List two ways preschoolers build self-esteem.
Dressing self, helping parents, completing tasks
Name one common sign of a vision problem.
Squinting, headaches, poor school performance
List two effective communication strategies with teens.
Be honest and include them in decision-making
Which two protective reflexes replace primitive reflexes by 12 months?
parachute and neck righting
What is the average total sleep needed at age 2?
About 13 hours
What’s a good approach to developing healthy eating habits?
Small portions, regular meals/snacks, encourage self-serving
A 10-year-old loves video games and spends over 4 hours a day on screens. What guidance should the nurse provide to parents?
Limit screen time, encourage physical activity (60 min/day), and monitor content for age-appropriateness.
Identify two risk factors for adolescent violence.
Low self-esteem, poor family function, access to weapons
Describe three differences between an infant and adult respiratory system.
Narrower nasal passages, larger tongue, shorter bronchi/bronchioles, more compliant chest wall
Give two safety priorities for toddlers.
Car seat safety and poison prevention / childproof home
A 5-year-old insists on riding a bike without training wheels. What teaching should the nurse provide to parents?
Praise independence but reinforce safety supervision and protective gear use; preschoolers overestimate abilities and need clear safety limits.
What is prepubescence, and what happens during this time?
Period ≈ 2 years before puberty; secondary sexual characteristics begin to appear
List two key areas nurses should emphasize for adolescent health promotion.
Nutrition, safety, physical fitness, sleep, mental health, or sexual health