Stages of Labor
What are the 4 Ps of Labor
Passage, Passenger, Powers and Psyche
True or False
Meconium-stained amniotic fluid a normal finding?
False
Meconium- stained amniotic fluid means the fetus passed the first stool before birth and it is an indicator of fetal compromise/distres
What nursing intervention would help relieve bruising and edema of the perineal after delivery?
Ice Pack on the area for the first 12 hours.
12-24 hours warm compress and sitz bath
What is APGAR scoring?
An evaluation of the infant’s need for resuscitation at birth.
Measures HR, Resp effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability and color (score 0,1,2 for each category)
What are nursing interventions in the 4th stage of labor
Assess mother for hemorrhage (this is the recovery phase)
What occurs during the first stage of labor?
Dilation and Effacement
What are the signs of hyperventilation that may occur during labor?
Dizziness, numbness, tinging of the hand and mouth.
Nursing intervention would include having the client breathe into cupped hands
What can a mother do to reduce the risk of mastitis?
Wear a supportive bra
Empty both breast when feeding
Take warm showers
Increase fluid intake
What should the nurse or provider access on infants be delivered with use of forceps?
Facial
symmetry/asymmetry
How do oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy?
Prevents ovulation
It contains a combination of estrogen and progesterone that suppresses ovulation
What occurs during the 2nd stage of labor?
Expulsion of fetus
What is another name for amniotomy?
Artificial rupture of membrane (breaking the water)
What is the first sign of hypovolemic shock postpartum hemorrhage
Tachycardia
What medication is given to infants within 1 hour after birth to help with clotting?
Vitamin K
How many extra calories does a mother need to consume each day when breastfeeding?
500 more calories than her pregnancy diet
What is the function of contractions in the 2nd stage of labor?
Push the baby out of the mother's body
A pregnant woman is planning on a VBAC. What is the main concern regarding potential complications during labor and birth?
Uterine rupture
Which of the following is a side effect of epidural block?
Urinary retention
Leg cramps
Reduced fetal heart rate
Urinary retention
True or False
Analgesic medication does not cause respiratory distress and may be given in the late stages of labor?
False
Risk of narcotic analgesic may cross the placenta and cause fetal respiratory depression. Nursing intervention would be to stay and breathe with laboring mother during contractions
A postpartum woman is not immune to rubella. (She does not have protective antibodies against the rubella). What would the nurse expect?
Give Rubella virus vaccine prior to discharge.
What occurs during 3rd phase of labor?
Expulsion of placenta
During a vaginal examination of a laboring patient, the nurse palpates a pulsating structure. What is the nurse’s priority action?
Place the patient in knee-chest or Trendelenburg position (head lower than feet)
Why is blood pressure taken often with an epidural block?
Hypotension with epidural block may cause inadequate perfusion of the placental leading to fetal hypoxia
What signs in an infant would indicate hypoglycemia?
High-pitched cry
Lethargy/decreased activity
Hypothermia
Apnea
What are the characteristics of cervical mucus a few days before ovulation?
Clear, slippery, and stretchy. This aids in the passage of sperm into the cervix