Preterm Labor & PROM
What gestational age range defines preterm labor?
20–36+6 weeks
What stage begins with contractions and ends with full dilation?
First stage
What type of pain is experienced in the first stage of labor?
Visceral pain from uterine contractions and cervical changes
What score determines readiness for induction?
Bishop score ≥ 8
What is the normal amount of blood loss for a vaginal delivery?
<500 mL
What test uses nitrazine paper to confirm ROM?
Turns blue = amniotic fluid
What stage of labor involves the delivery of the placenta?
Third stage
What is the main risk of giving opioids close to delivery?
Neonatal respiratory depression
What is the purpose of an amnioinfusion?
Relieve variable decelerations from cord compression
What uterotonic drug should be avoided in clients with asthma?
Carboprost tromethamine/Hemabate
What maternal symptom can signal intrauterine infection during preterm labor?
Fever + fetal tachycardia
What are the phases of the first stage of labor?
Latent, Active, Transition
What is the major adverse effect of epidural anesthesia?
Maternal hypotension → decreased placental perfusion
What type of incision is most common for a C-section?
Low transverse
What does a boggy uterus usually indicate?
Uterine atony → hemorrhage risk
What antibiotic is commonly used with PPROM to prevent infection?
Ampicillin
What signs indicate placental separation?
Gush of blood, cord lengthening, firm fundus, vaginal fullness
What nonpharmacologic technique uses pressure applied to the lower back during contractions?
Sacral counterpressure
What is a high-risk complication of external cephalic version?
Placental abruption or cord compression
What postpartum complication causes the uterus to remain enlarged and bleeding to continue?
Subinvolution
Name two complications of PPROM.
Infection, abruption, cord compression, pulmonary hypoplasia, fetal death
How often should maternal VS be checked in the second stage of labor?
Every 5–30 minutes
What block provides anesthesia to the perineum for episiotomy repair?
Pudendal block
What are 2 risks of vacuum-assisted delivery?
Scalp lacerations, cephalohematoma, subdural hematoma, facial nerve injury
What are two interventions for uterine inversion?
Stop oxytocin, give tocolytics, manual replacement, fluids, O