Size and Gestational Age
What is the normal size of newborns born around 40 weeks gestation?
5.5-10 pounds and 18-23 inches
Transient tachypnea of the newborn results from delay in what? Birth canal helps do what during delivery but doesn't occur with C-section
Birth canal squeezes out fluid.
What are characteristics of postterm newborn
ear cartilage that is thick and pinna is stiff, little lanugo or vernix remain
What is a term newborn based on gestation?
37-42 weeks
What are some causes of large for gestational age newborns
Maternal diabetes, genetic makeup, obesity
What is preterm (premature) based on gestational age?
less than 37 weeks gestation
What are signs of Hemolytic disease of the newborn? How do we treat it?
pallor, edema, jaundice, at risk for severe brain damage from high bilirubin; phototherapy-cover genitalia, turn every 3-4 hours, eye shields
What are clinical manifestations you may see if a newborn with a mother who had diabetes
LGA, Macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia
What are some maternal factors that can cause a SGA newborn
smoking, chronic diseases such as uncontrolled diabetes, preeclampsia/eclampsia
What are some contributing factors that could lead to a preterm newborn?
Fertility treatments that result in multiple fetus, most cases cause unknown, Premature rupture of membranes
What is low birth weigh in grams?
Less than 2,500 g
baby passes meconium in utero, can block airway
What are some complications of preterm newborn
Respiratory system immaturity, periods of apnea that causes cyanosis and bradycardia, thermoregulation problems, preterm has less subcutaneous and brown fat and cannot shiver, respiratory distress syndrome-highest risk less than 28 weeks due to lungs being immature and deficient in surfactant, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis-acute inflammatory disease of the intestine NEC
What are the categories to assess for physical maturity
What are characteristics of intrauterine growth restriction?
What is postterm (postmature) based on gestational age?
Greater than 42 weeks gestation
What are contributing factors to SIDS
usually 2-4 months old, greater threat to LBW and preterm, affects more males than females, mothers younger than 20 years, mother smoked/used drugs or alcohol, sleeping with blankets, pillows, overheating
ravenous eaters, observe for aspiration and possible asphyxia-suction babys mouth and nose after delivery-potential complication of meconium aspiration
What does small for gestational age mean
infant born smaller than average size (weight, length, and/or head circumference for the number of weeks gestation
What are characteristics of preterm newborn
What is gestational age?
The length of time between fertilization of the egg and birth
Hemolytic disease of the newborn is also known as what? What occurs?
erythroblastosis fetalis, infants RBCs are broken down and destroyed producing severe anemia
If a woman drinks alcohol what education should she receive prior to pregnancy?
stop drinking 3 months prior to pregnancy and throughout pregnancy
What are components of the neuromuscular maturity assessment?
Posture, arm recoil, scarf sign, heel to ear.
What is asymmetrical growth restriction
head is large in comparison with body. This is approximately 70-80% of newborns with intrauterine growth restriction